Abstract
In this paper we study the systematics of \(K\) index in fourteen Chinese stations in the 2009–2017 time interval. We find that the frequency distribution of \(K\) index (\(K=0\mbox{--}9\)) follows a Gaussian function with \(K\) values, while its rank-ordered frequency distribution follows a modified power function of the rank. We investigate empirical correlation between the annual frequency of \(K \geq 4\) (denoted by \(M\)) and that of geomagnetic storm (denoted by \(m\)), and predict (\(M\), \(m\)) values in 2018 and 2019, respectively. We find that \(M\) follows a mixture of several Gaussian functions of year, and predict the 24th solar cycle length to be 11.4 years, which is consistent with the prediction of the auto-regressive processes (AR) model.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdussamatov, H.I.: Kinemat. Phys. Celest. 31, 54 (2015)
Adekoya, B.J., Chukwuma, V.U.: J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 138, 136 (2016)
Adekoya, B.J., Chukwuma, V.U., Reinisch, B.W.: J. Geophys. Res. 120, 8066 (2015)
Baran, L.W., Ephishov, I.I., Shagimuratov, I.I., Ivanov, V.P., Lagovsky, A.F.: Adv. Space Res. 31, 989 (2003)
Benford, F.: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 78, 551 (1938)
Chen, Y.G., Huang, L.S.: Chaos Solitons Fractals 109, 303 (2018)
Gabaix, X., Gopikrishnan, P., Plerou, V., Stanley, H.E.: Nature 423, 267 (2003)
Guan, J., Liang, C., Zhao, L., Cui, N.B., Wang, C.Y.: Res. Soil Water Conserv. 25, 122 (2018)
Hill, T.P.: Stat. Sci. 10, 354 (1996)
Jiang, H., Shen, J.J., Zhao, Y.M.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 032101 (2011)
Jung, H.K., Heon, Y.G.: J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 172, 107 (2018)
Kim, J., Chang, H.: Adv. Space Res. 61, 2040 (2018)
Kurtz A.K., Mayo, S.T.: Statistical Methods in Education and Psychology p. 192 (1979)
Li, S.H., Shi, S.X.: J. Seismol. Res. 28, 236 (2005)
Malin, S.R.C., Özcan, O., Tank, S.B., Tunçer, M.K., Yazici-Çakin, O.: Geophys. J. Int. 140, 13 (2000)
Mora, T., Walczak, A.M., Bialek, W., Callan, C.G.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 5405 (2010)
National Geomagnetic Networks Center. http://www.geomag.org.cn/dataProduct (2019). Accessed 28 January 2019
Panovska, S., Constable, C.G.: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 18, 1366 (2017)
Paola, D.M., Giuseppe, C.: Ann. Geophys. 46, 661 (2003)
Sambridge, M., Tkalčić, H., Jackson, A.: Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, 1 (2010)
Space Environment Prediction Center. http://www.sepc.ac.cn/ (2019). Accessed 30 September 2019
Sun, Y.F., Zhu, Y.F.: Seismol. Res. Northeast China 25, 9 (2009)
Wang, C.Q., Du, D., Zhang, X.X., Zhao, M.X., Jiang, Y.: Chin. J. Space Sci. 35, 26 (2015)
Zeng, L.Y., Cao, J.B., Wei, X.H.: Prog. Geophys. 29, 116 (2014)
Zipf, G.K.: An Introduction to Human Ecology, 1st edn. Hafner/Addison-Wesley, New York/Cambridge (1949)
Acknowledgements
We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for supporting this work under grant No. 11875188. This work is also supported by Open Project Fund of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Cosmology (Grant No. 18DZ2271500-2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tang, X.L., Jiang, H. & Shen, J.J. Systematics of \(K\) index in the geomagnetic field. Astrophys Space Sci 364, 164 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-019-3653-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-019-3653-6