Abstract
In this work we present the first attempt of modelling the deuterium chemistry in the massive young protostellar core NGC 2264 CMM3. We investigated the sensitivity of this chemistry to the physical conditions in its surrounding environment. The results showed that deuteration, in the protostellar gas, is affected by variations in the core density, the amount of gas depletion onto grain surfaces, the CR ionisation rate, but it is insensitive to variations in the H2 ortho-to-para ratio.
Our results, also, showed that deuteration is often enhanced in less-dense, partially depleted (\(<85\%\)), or cores that are exerted to high CR ionisation rates (\(\ge6.5\times10^{-17}~\mbox{s}^{-1}\)). However, in NGC 2264 CMM3, decreasing the amount of gas depleted onto grains and enhancing the CR ionisation rate are often overestimating the observed values in the core. The best fit time to observations occurs around \((1\mbox{--}5) \times 10^{4}~\mbox{yrs}\) for core densities in the range \((1\mbox{--}5)\times10^{6}~\mbox{cm}^{-3}\) with CR ionisation rate between \((1.7\mbox{--}6.5)\times10^{-17}~\mbox{s}^{-1}\). These values are in agreement with the results of the most recent theoretical chemical model of CMM3, and the time range of best fit is, also, in-line with the estimated age of young protostellar objects.
We conclude that deuterium chemistry in protostellar cores is: (i) sensitive to variations in the physical conditions in its environment, (ii) insensitive to changes in the H2 ortho-to-para ratio. We also conclude that the core NGC 2264 CMM3 is in its early stages of chemical evolution with an estimated age of \((1\mbox{--}5)\times10^{4}~\mbox{yrs}\).
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Notes
Singly (or mono-) deuterated: are species in which only one hydrogen atom is replaced by a deuterium while multiply deuterated: are species in which two or more hydrogen atoms are replaced.
Fractionation is usually defined as the ratio between the molecule XH and its deuterated counterpart XD. However, sometimes, it refers to the amount of deuterated species formed from a given pathway. The latter definition is what we use in this work.
KIDA: KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (http://kida.obs.u-bordeaux1.fr). We used the rate file kida.uva.2014.
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Awad, Z., Shalabiea, O.M. Deuterium chemistry in the young massive protostellar core NGC 2264 CMM3. Astrophys Space Sci 363, 12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-017-3232-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-017-3232-7