Abstract
Using the STEERB (storm-time evolution of electron radiation belt) code, we simulate the evolution of radiation belt energetic electrons during geomagnetic storms in the case of low energy electron injection. The STEERB code is used to solve the three-dimensional Fokker–Planck diffusion equation which incorporates wave-particle interaction, Coulomb collisions and radial diffusion. Numerical simulations show that under the short time (∼1 h) injection of low energy (0.1 MeV≤Ek≤0.2 MeV) fluxes of radiation belt energetic electrons can increase during the entire storm period. During the main and recovery phases, such injection efficiently enhances chorus-driven acceleration of radiation belt energetic electrons, allowing fluxes of energetic electrons by a factor of 1–2 orders higher than those in the absence of injection. The current results indicate that substorm-induced electron injection must be incorporated to investigate the evolution of radiation belt energetic electrons.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albert, J.M., Meredith, N.P., Horne, R.B.: J. Geophys. Res. 114(A09), 214 (2009)
Baker, D.N., Li, X., Turner, N., et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 102(14), 141 (1997)
Beutier, T., Boscher, D.: J. Geophys. Res. 100, 853–862 (1995)
Bortnik, J., Thorne, R.M., O’Brien, T.P., et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 111(A12), 216 (2006)
Brautigam, D.H., Albert, J.M.: J. Geophys. Res. 105(A1), 291–310 (2000)
Elkington, S.R., Hudson, M.K., Chan, A.A.: J. Geophys. Res. 108, 1116 (2003)
Fok, M.C., Horne, R.B., Meredith, N.P., Glauert, S.A.: J. Geophys. Res. 113, A03S08 (2008)
Green, J.C., Onsager, T.G., O’Brien, T.P., Baker, D.N.: J. Geophys. Res. 109(A12), 211 (2004)
Hudson, M.K., Elkington, S.R., Lyon, J.G., Goodrich, C.C.: Adv. Space Res. 25, 2327–2337 (2000)
Kim, H.J., Chan, A.A.: J. Geophys. Res. 102(A10), 22107–22116 (1997)
Li, X., Baker, D.N., Temerin, M., et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 102(14), 123 (1993)
Li, X., Baker, D.N., Temerin, M., et al.: Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2561 (1998)
Li, L.Y., Cao, J.B., Zhou, G.C., Li, X.: J. Geophys. Res. 114(A12), 214 (2009)
Lyons, L.R., Thorne, R.M.: J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2142–2149 (1973)
Mauk, B.H., Meng, C.I.: J. Geophys. Res. 88, 3055–3071 (1983)
Meredith, N.P., Horne, R.B., Glauert, S.A., Anderson, R.R.: J. Geophys. Res. 112, A08214 (2007)
Obara, T., Nagatsuma, T., Den M., et al.: Earth Planets Space 52, 41–47 (2000)
Reeves, G.D., McAdams, K.L., Friedel, R.H.W., et al.: Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(10), 1529 (2003)
Schulz, M., Lanzerotti, L.J.: Particle diffusion in the radiation belts. In: Physics and Chemistry in Space (1974)
Shprits, Y.Y., Thorne, R.M.: Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L08805 (2004)
Shprits, Y.Y., Subbotin, D., Ni, B.: J. Geophys. Res. 114, A11209 (2009a)
Shprits, Y.Y., Chen, L., Thorne, R.M.: J. Geophys. Res. 114, A03219 (2009b)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 4493–4496 (2008)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 26(129), 401 (2009a)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 114, A08202 (2009b)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Xiong, M.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 26(3), 129401 (2009c)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 115, A06203 (2010a)
Su, Z.P., Xiao, F.L., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 115, A09208 (2010b)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 115, A05219 (2010c)
Su, Z.P., Xiao, F.L., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L06106 (2010a)
Su, Z.P., Xiao, F.L., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 116, A04205 (2011b)
Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Chen, L., Wang, S.: J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 73, 95–105 (2011c)
Summers, D., Thorne, R.M., Xiao, F.L.: J. Geophys. Res. 103(20), 487 (1998)
Thorne, R.M., Shprits, Y.Y., Meredith, N.P., et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 112, A06203 (2007)
Thorne, R.M.: Geophys. Res. Lett. 37(L22), 107 (2010)
Varotsou, A., Boscher, D., Bourdarie, S., et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 113(A12), 212 (2008)
Wentworth, R.C., MacDonald, W.M., Singer, S.F.: Phys. Fluids 2, 499–509 (1959)
Xiao, F.L., He, H.Y.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 23, 267–270 (2006)
Xiao, F.L.: Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 48, 203 (2006b)
Xiao, F.L., Chen, L., Zhou, Q., et al.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 24, 294–297 (2007)
Xiao, F.L., Chen, L., Li, J.: Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50, 62001 (2008)
Xiao, F.L., Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 114, A03201 (2009)
Xiao, F.L., Su, Z.P., Zheng, H.N., Wang, S.: J. Geophys. Res. 115, A05216 (2010)
Xiao, F.L., Chen, L., He, Y., Su, Z.P., et al.: J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 73, 106–111 (2011)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 41274165, 40925014, 41204114, the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province, and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., Zhang, L. et al. Effect of low energy electron injection on storm-time evolution of radiation belt energetic electrons: three-dimensional modeling. Astrophys Space Sci 352, 613–620 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-1984-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-1984-x