Abstract
A light propagation in a universe which is homogeneous only in average systematically differs from a light propagation in a strictly homogeneous Universe. We demonstrate a link between this effect and the general theory of transport phenomenon in random media. The effective spatial curvature of a universe which is homogeneous only in average is introduced. This curvature is governing a light propagation in such universe. We show that the effective spatial curvature is lower than the average curvature. It implies that a universe with critical mean density looks like a space with negative curvature.
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Lamburt, V., Sokoloff, D. & Tutubalin, V. Light propagation in a universe with spatial inhomogeneities. Astrophys Space Sci 298, 409–418 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-005-5831-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-005-5831-y