Abstract
Measurements of [CI], J = 2–1 13CO and J = 4–3 12 CO emission from quiescent, starburst and active galaxy centers reveal a distinct pattern characterized by relatively strong [CI] emission. The [CI] to 13co emission ratio increases with central [CI] luminosity. It is lowest in quiescent and mild starburst centers and highest for strong starburst centers and active nuclei. C∘ abundances are close to, or even exceed, CO abundances. The emission is characteristic of warm and dense gas rather than either hot tenuous or cold very dense gas. The relative intensities of CO, [CI], [CII] and far-infrared emission suggest that the dominant excitation mechanism in galaxy centers may be different from that in photon-dominated regions (PDRs).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bolatto, A.D., Jackson, J.M., Israel, F.P., Zhang, X. and Kim, S.: 2000, ApJ 545, 234.
Fixsen, D.J., Bennet, C.L. and Mather, J.C.: 1999, ApJ 526, 207.
Gerin, M. and Phillips, T.G.: 2000, ApJ 537, 644.
Israel, F.P., Maloney, P.R., Geis, N., Herrmenn, F., Madden, S.C., Poglitsch, A. and Stacey, I.C.: 1996, ApJ 465, 738.
Israel, F.P. and Baas, F.: 2002, A&A 383, 82.
Israel, F.P. and Baas, F.: 2003, A&A 404, 495.
Kaufman, M.J., Wolfire, M.G., Hollenbach, D.J. and Luhman, M.L.: 1999, ApJ 527, 795.
Keene, J., Lis, D.C., Phillips, T.G. and Schilke, P.: 1996, in: E.F. van Dishoeck (ed.), IAU Symposium on Molecules in Astrophysics, Vol. 178, p. 129.
Smith, B.J. and Harvey, P.M.: 1996, ApJ 468, 193.
Stutzki, J., Graf, U.U., Haas, S., et al.: 1997, ApJ 373, 423.
White, G.J. and Sandell, G.: 1995, A&A 299, 179.
Zaritsky, D., Kennicutt, R.C. and Huchra, J.P.: 1994, ApJ 420, 87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Israel, F.P. CO, 13CO, and [CI] in Galaxy Centers. Astrophys Space Sci 295, 171–176 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-005-3682-1
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-005-3682-1