Abstract
Sexual and gender minority stress is associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes, such as hypertension and depression. Expanding on previous reviews of the literature on cross-sectional and long-term prospective associations between sexual and gender minority stress and health outcomes, the current systematic review synthesizes the evidence on how everyday sexual and gender minority stress relates to momentary changes in health. The findings of 53 experience sampling studies published between 2007 and 2022 suggest that daily and momentary within-persons fluctuations in minority stressors are associated with cognitive–emotional (e.g., affect, suicidality), behavioral (e.g., substance use), social (e.g., relationship satisfaction), and physical health outcomes (e.g., somatic symptoms). These findings suggest that sexual and gender minority stress is a dynamic process that can vary within individuals over time and significantly impact everyday mental and physical health. We discuss the implications of these findings for minority stress theory, LGBTQ+ health research, LGBTQ+ affirming therapy, and prevention initiatives. The current experience sampling literature is limited by a lack of attention to gender minority stress and a focus on a limited range of health outcomes. Methodological and theoretical considerations for future experience sampling research are discussed in light of these limitations.
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Availability of Data and Material
A database of the reviewed studies is available the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/2qnv9/.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
Notes
For studies that included cisgender-heterosexual comparison groups, only the LGBTQ + sample was included. Papers that reported findings from multiple studies using separate samples were counted separately.
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The authors would like to acknowledge Kameryn Freeman for her assistance with screening the articles in the literature search for this review.
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JN and KB contributed to conceptualization of this review. JN performed the literature search, data analysis, and data visualization. JN drafted the manuscript, and both authors critically revised the work.
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Nicholas, J., Bresin, K. Everyday Sexual and Gender Minority Stress and Health: A Systematic Review of Experience Sampling Studies. Arch Sex Behav 53, 1221–1243 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02779-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02779-0