Skip to main content
Log in

Love Matters: The Effect of Mating Motive on Female Food Choice

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity has been increasing globally in recent decades. Behind the phenomenon, high-fat food consumption has been conceived as an important driver. In the current study, we explored whether mating motive caused an effect on female food choice as well as the psychological mechanism underlying it. In Study 1, we recruited 64 participants from a university and asked them to complete a mating prime, after which they would finish a food choice task in which food with different flavors were shown. In Study 2, we replicated Study 1 with a different mating priming method and examined the mediating role of body shaping desire on the relation between mating motive and female food choice. Results showed that: (1) The salience of mating motive decreased female’s high-fat food choice but increased male’s high-fat food choice; (2) the effect of mating motive in females was robust and more salient for sweet food rather than salty food; and (3) the body shaping desire partially mediated the effect of mating motive on female food choice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

References

  • Abbott, B. D., & Barber, B. L. (2010). Embodied image: Gender differences in functional and aesthetic body image among Australian adolescents. Body Image, 7(1), 22–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez-Bueno, C., Cavero-Redondo, I., Lucas-de la Cruz, L., Notario-Pacheco, B., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2017). Association between pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and children’s neurocognitive development: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(5), 1653–1666.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M. D., Jr., & Maner, J. K. (2008). Risk-taking as a situationally sensitive male mating strategy. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(6), 391–395.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Beall, A. T., & Schaller, M. (2014). Affective implications of the mating/parenting trade-off: Short-term mating motives and desirability as a short-term mate predict less intense tenderness responses to infants. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 112–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellisari, A. (2008). Evolutionary origins of obesity. Obesity Reviews, 9(2), 165–180.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, J., Schlomer, G. L., & Ellis, B. J. (2012). Beyond cumulative risk: Distinguishing harshness and unpredictability as determinants of parenting and early life history strategy. Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 662–673.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, H. K., Leyva, R. P., Nicolas, S. C., & Hill, S. E. (2019). Costly female appearance-enhancement provides cues of short-term mating effort: The case of cosmetic surgery. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 48–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratanova, B., Loughnan, S., Klein, O., Claassen, A., & Wood, R. (2016). Poverty, inequality, and increased consumption of high calorie food: Experimental evidence for a causal link. Appetite, 100, 162–171.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekaran, S., & Neal-Perry, G. (2017). Long-term consequences of obesity on female fertility and the health of the offspring. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 29(3), 180–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, R., Zheng, Y. H., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Fickle men, faithful women: Effects of mating cues on men’s and women’s variety-seeking behavior in consumption. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(2), 275–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clutton-Brock, T. (2007). Sexual selection in males and females. Science, 318(5858), 1882–1885.

    CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, C. L., Krems, J. A., & Kenrick, D. T. (2021). Fundamental motives illuminate a broad range of individual and cultural variations in thought and behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(3), 242–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Koning, L., Merchant, A. T., Pogue, J., & Anand, S. (2007). Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: Meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. European Heart Journal, 28(7), 850–856.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Del Giudice, M., Gangestad, S. W., & Kaplan, H. S. (2016). Life history theory and evolutionary psychology. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology: Foundations (pp. 88–114). John Wiley & Sons Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixson, B. J. (2022). Sexual selection and the evolution of human appearance enhancements. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51, 49–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dorard, G., & Mathieu, S. (2021). Vegetarian and omnivorous diets: A cross-sectional study of motivation, eating disorders, and body shape perception. Appetite, 156, 104972.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drewnowski, A., Mennella, J. A., Johnson, S. L., & Bellisle, F. (2012). Sweetness and food preference. Journal of Nutrition, 142(6), 1142S-1148S.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Feingold, A., & Mazzella, R. (1998). Gender differences in body image are increasing. Psychological Science, 9(3), 190–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlayson, G., King, N., & Blundell, J. (2007). Is it possible to dissociate “liking” and “wanting” for foods in humans? A novel experimental procedure. Physiology and Behavior, 90(1), 36–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, S., Laharnar, N., Kullmann, S., Veit, R., Canova, C., Hegner, Y. L., & Preissl, H. (2010). Processing of food pictures: influence of hunger, gender and calorie content. Brain Research, 1350, 159–166.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garza, R., Clauss, N., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2021). Do BMI and sex hormones influence visual attention to food stimuli in women? Tracking eye movements across the menstrual cycle. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 7, 304–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaylis, J. B., Levy, S. S., & Hong, M. Y. (2020). Relationships between body weight perception, body mass index, physical activity, and food choices in Southern California male and female adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 264–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grammer, K., Renninger, L., & Fischer, B. (2004). Disco clothing, female sexual motivation, and relationship status: Is she dressed to impress? Journal of Sex Research, 41(1), 66–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griskevicius, V., Cialdini, R. B., & Kenrick, D. T. (2006a). Peacocks, Picasso, and parental investment: The effects of romantic motives on creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 63–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griskevicius, V., Goldstein, N., Mortensen, C., Cialdini, R. B., & Kenrick, D. T. (2006b). Going along versus going alone: When fundamental motives facilitate strategic (non)conformity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 281–294.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Gangestad, S. W., Perea, E. F., Shapiro, J. R., & Kenrick, D. T. (2009). Aggress to impress: Hostility as an evolved context-dependent strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 980–994.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Sundie, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Miller, G. F., & Kenrick, D. T. (2007). Blatant benevolence and conspicuous consumption: When romantic motives elicit strategic costly signals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 85–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, P. A., & Marteau, T. M. (2014). Executive function in the context of chronic disease prevention: Theory, research and practice. Preventive Medicine, 68, 44–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henss, R. (2000). Waist-to-hip ratio and female attractiveness. Evidence from photographic stimuli and methodological considerations. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 501–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (2004). The self-regulation of eating: Theoretical and practical problems. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of Self-regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications (pp. 492–508). Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huberman, B. A., Loch, C. H., & Önçüler, A. (2004). Status as a valued resource. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67, 103–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, J. W. (2016). Effect of prosocial behaviors in a mating mindset on purchase decisions. Social Behavior and Personality, 44(3), 463–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishai, A. (2007). Sex, beauty and the orbitofrontal cortex. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63(2), 181–185.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. L. (2018). The influence of shape and color cue classes on facial health perception. Evolution and Human Behavior, 39, 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. L., & Jaeger, B. (2019). Biological bases of beauty revisited: The effect of symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism on female facial attractiveness. Symmetry, 11, 279.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D. T., Neuberg, S. L., Griskevicius, V., Becker, D. V., & Schaller, M. (2010). Goal-driven cognition and functional behavior: The fundamental-motives framework. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 63–67.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Köster, E. P. (2009). Diversity in the determinants of food choice: A psychological perspective. Food Quality and Preference, 20(2), 70–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, A. S., & Heaton, A. W. (1993). Weight control practices of US adults trying to lose weight. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119(7), 661–666.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, E. T., Tsang, L. B. Y., & Lui, S. S. H. (1999). Menstrual cycle and voluntary food intake in young Chinese women. Appetite, 33(1), 109–118.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W. (2002). The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing the tradeoffs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 947–955.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, N. P., Yong, J. C., Tov, W., Sng, O., Fletcher, G. J., Valentine, K. A., & Balliet, D. (2013). Mate preferences do predict attraction and choices in the early stages of mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 757–776.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, H. J., Zhu, X. Q., & Chang, L. (2015). Good genes, good providers, and good fathers: Economic development involved in how women select a mate. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 9(4), 215–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maner, J. K., Kenrick, D. T., Becker, D. V., Robertson, T. E., Hofer, B., Neuberg, S. L., Delton, A. W., Butner, J., & Schaller, M. (2005). Functional projection: How fundamental social motives can bias interpersonal perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 63–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Middleman, A. B., Vazquez, I., & Durant, R. H. (1998). Eating patterns, physical activity, and attempts to change weight among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22(1), 37–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, A., & Fantasia, H. C. (2016). Understanding the effect of obesity on fertility among reproductive-age women. Nursing for Women’s Health, 20(4), 368–376.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monga, A. B., & Gürhan-Canli, Z. (2012). The influence of mating mind-sets on brand extension evaluation. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(4), 581–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neel, J. V. (1962). Diabetes mellitus: A “thrifty” genotype rendered detrimental by “progress”? American Journal of Human Genetics, 14(4), 353–362.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Olderbak, S., Gladden, P., Wolf, P. S. A., & Figueredo, A. J. (2014). Comparison of life history strategy measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 58, 82–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polivy, J., & Herman, P. (2006). An evolutionary perspective on dieting. Appetite, 47(1), 30–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prospective Studies Collaboration. (2009). Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: Collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. The Lancet, 373(9669), 1083–1096.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puts, D. (2016). Human sexual selection. Current Opinion in Psychology, 7, 28–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richerson, W. R. (2014). Evolutionary motives and consumer food choice in romantic relationships (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). University of Kentucky.

  • Saad, G. (2021). Addressing the sins of consumer psychology via the evolutionary lens. Psychology & Marketing, 38(2), 371–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saad, G., & Stenstrom, E. (2012). Calories, beauty, and ovulation: The effects of the menstrual cycle on food and appearance-related consumption. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(1), 102–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco, D. F., Young, S. G., Brown, C. M., Bernstein, M. J., & Hugenberg, K. (2012). Social exclusion and female mating behavior: Rejected women show strategic enhancement of short-term mating interest. Evolutionary Psychology, 10(3), 147470491201000320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller, M., Kenrick, D. T., Neel, R., & Neuberg, S. L. (2017). Evolution and human motivation: A fundamental motives framework. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(6), e12319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvestris, E., de Pergola, G., Rosania, R., & Loverro, G. (2018). Obesity as disruptor of the female fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 16(1), 22.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Spreckelmeyer, K. N., Rademacher, L., Paulus, F. M., & Gründer, G. (2013). Neural activation during anticipation of opposite-sex and same-sex faces in heterosexual men and women. NeuroImage, 66, 223–231.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, G. A., Singh, G. M., Lu, Y., Danaei, G., Lin, J. K., Finucane, M. M., & Ezzati, M. (2012). National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences. Population Health Metrics, 10(1), 22.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Su, J., & Su, Y. (2017). The psychological effects of mating motive (in Chinese). Advances in Psychological Science, 25(4), 609–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama, L. (2005). Physical attractiveness in adaptationist perspective. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 292–342). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swami, V. (2021). Cross-cultural perspectives on body size. In M. L. Craig (Ed.), The Routledge companion to beauty politics (pp. 103–111). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swami, V., & Tovée, M. J. (2005). Female physical attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia: A cross-cultural study. Body Image, 2, 115–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swami, V., & Tovée, M. J. (2007). Perceptions of female body weight and shape among in-digenous and urban Europeans. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 43–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, K. E., Haziris, N., & Alekos, P. J. (1994). Attitudes and food choice behaviour. British Food Journal, 96(11), 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Facial sexual dimorphism developmental stability and susceptibility to disease in men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 131–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tovée, M. J., & Cornelissen, P. L. (2001). Female and male perceptions of female physical attractiveness in front-view and profile. British Journal of Psychology, 92(2), 391–402.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rongen, S., Poelman, M. P., Thornton, L., Abbott, G., Lu, M., Kamphuis, C. B., & De Vet, E. (2020). Neighbourhood fast food exposure and consumption: The mediating role of neighbourhood social norms. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 61.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1063–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zellner, D. A., Garriga-Trillo, A., Centeno, S., & Wadsworth, E. (2004). Chocolate craving and the menstrual cycle. Appetite, 42(1), 119–121.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J. (2016). A higher-than-average female voice can cause young adult female listeners to think about aggression more. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 35(6), 645–666.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32200874).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinlong Su.

Ethics declarations

Consent for publication

The current work has not been published previously. Also, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Besides, its publication is approved by all authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors have not disclosed any competing interests

Ethical Approval

All procedures met the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, M., Su, J. Love Matters: The Effect of Mating Motive on Female Food Choice. Arch Sex Behav 53, 969–979 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02768-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02768-3

Keywords

Navigation