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Invisibility and Stigma: Experiences of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Individuals in South Korea

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Abstract

In this qualitative study, we explored the challenges that transgender and gender non-confirming (TGNC) individuals face in South Korea. For this, we conducted in-depth interviews with 14 South Korean TGNC younger adults attending colleges or graduate schools and analyzed their data through consensus qualitative research. Analyses revealed that issues related to interpersonal relationships and medical transiting were major challenges perceived by participants. Four categories emerged in the domain of challenges in interpersonal relationships, including issues associated with family, romantic partner, coming out and outing, and transphobia and cisnormativity. In addition, two categories (i.e., medical difficulties and physical appearance-related distress) were included in the domain of challenges related to medical transition. Unique sources of stress for South Korean TGNC younger adults included high risk of being outed due to Korean resident registration numbers, dissatisfaction with bodily changes when transitioning, and misgendering caused by Korean’s different honorific titles depending on gender.

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Funding

This study was funded by MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program, Grant/Award Number: IITP-2021-0-02051; IITP (Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation).

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  1. Department of Psychology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcupro, Suwon, 16499, South Korea

    Eunha Kim, Hyun Park, YeJi Cho, KyungAh Jeon & Hyunju An

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  1. Eunha Kim
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Correspondence to Eunha Kim.

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Ethical Approval

This study was approved by the AJou University (#1040548-KU-IRB-17-67-A-1). After obtaining this approval, we recruited participants by contacting LGBTQ student clubs/organizations on large-and medium-sized college campuses and social networking services (i.e., Instagram).

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Kim, E., Park, H., Cho, Y. et al. Invisibility and Stigma: Experiences of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Individuals in South Korea. Arch Sex Behav 53, 77–90 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02730-3

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