This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Availability of data and material
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Notes
Janssen (2023) also found one occurrence of “gender identity” in a 1961 paper by Money’s Johns Hopkins colleagues John and Joan Hampson, and another in a paper from the same year by the psychiatrist Lawrence S. Kubie. Where Kubie got the phrase from (if anywhere) is a mystery.
References
Blakemore, J. E. O., Berenbaum, S. A., & Liben, L. S. (2008). Gender development. Psychology Press.
Bryant, K. E. (2007). The politics of pathology and the making of gender identity disorder. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Byrne, A. (2023). The origin of “gender identity” [Letter to the Editor]. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02628-0
Equality Act. (2023, August 11). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Act_(United_States)
Green, R. (1974). Sexual identity conflict in children and adults. Basic Books.
Green, R., & Money, J. (1961). Effeminacy in prepubertal boys: Summary of eleven cases and recommendations for case management. Pediatrics, 27(2), 286–291.
Green, R., & Money, J. (1962). Binocular rivalry of gender-significant pictures in a stereoscope. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1(2), 153–161.
Greenson, R. R. (1964). On homosexuality and gender identity. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 45, 217–219.
Haig, D. (2004). The inexorable rise of gender and the decline of sex: Social change in academic titles, 1945–2001. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(2), 87–96.
Haig, D. (2023). On the origins of gender identity [Letter to the Editor]. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02694-4
Hines, S. (2018). Is gender fluid? Thames & Hudson.
Janssen, D. F. (2023). Who invented gender identity? [Letter to the Editor]. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02650-2
Katz, P. A. (1986). Gender identity: Development and consequences. In R. D. Ashmore & F. K. Del Boca (Eds.), The social psychology of female–male relations: A critical analysis of central concepts (pp. 21–67). Academic Press.
Kohlberg, L. (1966). A cognitive-development analysis of children’s sex-role concepts and attitudes. In E. E. Maccoby (Ed.), The development of sex differences (pp. 82–173). Stanford University Press.
McWhirter, D. P., & Mattison, A. M. (1984). The male couple: How relationships develop. Prentice-Hall.
Money, J. (1963a). Cytogenetic and psychosexual incongruities with a note on space-form blindness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 119(9), 820–827.
Money, J. (1963b). Factors in the genesis of homosexuality. In G. Winokur (Ed.), Determinants of human sexual behavior (pp. 19–43). Charles C Thomas.
Money, J. (1963c). Developmental differentiation of femininity and masculinity compared. In S. M. Farber & R. H. L. Wilson (Eds.), Man and civilization: The potential of woman—A symposium (pp. 51–65). McGraw-Hill.
Money, J. (1963d). Psychosexual development in man. In A. Deutsch (Ed.), Encyclopedia of mental health (Vol. 5, pp. 1678–1709). Franklin Watts.
Money, J. (1963e). Problems in sexual development: Endocrinologic and psychologic aspects. New York State Journal of Medicine, 63(16), 2348–2354.
Money, J. (Ed.). (1965). Sex research: New developments. Holt.
Money, J. (1985). The conceptual neutering of gender and the criminalization of sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14(3), 279–290.
Money, J. (1994). The concept of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence after 39 years. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 20(3), 163–177.
Money, J. (1995). Gendermaps: Social constructionism, feminism, and sexosophical history. Continuum.
Money, J. (1998). Sin, science, and the sex police: Essays on sexology & sexosophy. Prometheus Books.
Slaby, R. G., & Frey, K. S. (1975). Development of gender constancy and selective attention to same-sex models. Child Development, 46(4), 849–856.
Stoller, R. J. (1964a). A contribution to the study of gender identity. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 45(2–3), 220–226.
Stoller, R. J. (1964b). The hermaphroditic identity of hermaphrodites. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 139(5), 453–457.
Vance, S. R., Jr., Ehrensaft, D., & Rosenthal, S. M. (2014). Psychological and medical care of gender nonconforming youth. Pediatrics, 134(6), 1184–1192.
Zetzel, E. (1964). Report of the 23rd International Psycho-analytical Congress. Bulletin of the International Psycho-Analytical Association, 45, 457–482.
Zucker, K. J., & Green, R. (1992). Psychosexual disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33(1), 107–151.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to David Haig and Diederik Janssen for extensive correspondence and to the Editor for comments.
Funding
The author has not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author has not disclosed any competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Byrne, A. More on “Gender Identity”. Arch Sex Behav 52, 2719–2721 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02695-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02695-3