This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abboud, S., Chaudhry, A., & Pachankis, J. E. (2022a). Arab immigrant sexual minority men in the United States: A qualitative exploration of minority stress and mental and sexual health. Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 40. https://www.nursesinaidscare.org/files/2022a Conference/_FINAL_ANAC22_ProgramBody.pdf
Abboud, S., Chaudhry, A., & Pachankis, J. (2022b). A qualitative exploration of minority stress, mental health, and sexual health among Arab immigrant sexual minority men in the United States. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Abboud, S., Flores, D. D., Bond, K., Chebli, P., Brawner, B. M., & Sommers, M. S. (2021). Family sex communication among arab american young adults: A Mixed-methods study. Journal of Family Nursing, 28(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/10748407211053931
Al Farchichi, W., & Saghiyeh, N. (2012). The law and homosexuality. A survey and an analytical study of the legislation of most Arab countries. https://www.daleel-madani.org/sites/default/files/Resources/HelemStudy.pdf
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (pp. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons.
Cass, V. C. (1979). Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082V04N03_01
Chaudoir, S. R., & Fisher, J. D. (2010). The disclosure processes model: Understanding disclosure decision making and postdisclosure outcomes among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 236–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0018193
Coleman, E. (1982). Developmental stages of the coming out process. Journal of Homosexuality, 7(2–3), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082V07N02_06
Diamond, L. M., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2002). Gender and sexual identity. In R. M. Lerner, F. Jacobs, & D. Wertlieb (Eds.), Handbook of applied developmental science: Promoting positive child, adolescents, and family development through research, policies, and programs (Vol. 1, pp. 101–121). Sage.
Doyle, D. M., & Barreto, M. (2022). Toward a more relational model of sexual minority identity concealment [Commentary]. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02491-5
Flores, D. D., Abboud, S., & Barroso, J. (2019a). Hegemonic masculinity during parent-child sex communication with sexual minority male adolescents. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 14(4), 417–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2019.1626312
Flores, D. D., Blake, B. J., & Sowell, R. L. (2011). “Get them while they’re young”: Reflections of Young gay men newly diagnosed with HIV infection. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 22(5), 376–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JANA.2011.01.001
Flores, D. D., Docherty, S. L., Relf, M. V., McKinney, R. E., & Barroso, J. V. (2019b). “It’s almost like gay sex doesn’t exist”: Parent-child sex communication according to gay, bisexual, and queer male adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 34(5), 528–562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558418757464
Flores, D. D., Greene, M. Z., & Taggart, T. (2022). Parent-child sex communication prompts, approaches, reactions, and functions according to gay, bisexual, and queer sons. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH19010074
Flores, D. D., Meanley, S. P., Bond, K. T., Agenor, M., Relf, M. V., & Barroso, J. V. (2020). Topics for inclusive parent-child sex communication by gay, bisexual, queer youth. Behavioral Medicine, 47(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2019.1700481
Hamdan, S. (2015). Becoming-queer-Arab-activist: The case of Meem. Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research, 1(Winter), 66–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.36583/KOHL/1-2-10
Harry, J. (1993). Being out: A general model. Journal of Homosexuality, 26(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082V26N01_03
Herdt, G., & McClintock, M. (2000). The magical age of 10. Archives of Sexual Behaviors, 29, 587–606. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002006521067
Human Rights Watch. (2018). Audacity in adversity. LGBT activism in the Middle East and North Africa. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/lgbt_mena0418_web_0.pdf
Lerner, R. M. (2005). Foreword: Urie Bronfenbrenner: Career contributions of the consummate developmental scientist. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. ix-xxvi). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
Masri, S. (2020). In the Arab Spring’s aftermath: An emergent LGBTQ movement? Brown Journal of World Affairs, 27(2), 197–211. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/brownjwa27&id=197&div=&collection=
Massad, J. (2002). Re-orienting desire: The gay international and the Arab world. Public Culture, 14(2), 361–386. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-14-2-361
Meidlinger, P. C., & Hope, D. A. (2014). Differentiating disclosure and concealment in measurement of outness for sexual minorities: The Nebraska Outness Scale. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(4), 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/SGD0000080
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/2329-0382.1.S.3
Moussawi, G. (2015). (Un)critically queer organizing: Towards a more complex analysis of LGBTQ organizing in Lebanon. Sexualities, 18(5–6), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460714550914
Outright International. (2018). Activism & resilience: LGBTQ progress in the MENA. https://outrightinternational.org/our-work/human-rights-research/activism-resilience-lgbtq-progress-mena
Pachankis, J. E., & Jackson, S. D. (2022). A developmental model of the sexual minority closet: Structural sensitization, psychological adaptations, and post-closet growth. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-022-02381-W
Villicana, A. J., Delucio, K., & Biernat, M. (2016). “Coming out” among gay Latino and gay White men: Implications of verbal disclosure for well-being. Self and Identity, 15(4), 468–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2016.1156568
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The first author, Sarah Abboud, is a research collaborator with Dr. Pachankis.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Commentary refers to the article available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02381-w.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Abboud, S., Flores, D.D. A Developmental Model of the Sexual Minority Closet: Implications for Arab Immigrant Sexual Minorities and Parent-LGBTQ Child Sex Communication. Arch Sex Behav 52, 1897–1902 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02522-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02522-1