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Depression, Loneliness, and Sexual Risk-Taking Among HIV-Negative/Unknown Men Who Have Sex with Men in China

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Abstract

Research conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income countries has demonstrated that negative mental health is one of the significant drivers of HIV infection, and few studies have examined the status of mental health among MSM in China. We sought to describe depression and loneliness and identify their correlates among Chinese MSM. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-negative or unknown status MSM in 2014. Time–location sampling and online convenience sampling methods were employed. Depression was measured via a short version of CES-D (CES-D 10). Loneliness was measured from a single item in CES-D 10. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify independent correlates of depression and loneliness. A total of 507 individuals participated in the study. Of them, 26.8 and 35.5% reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and feeling lonely, respectively. Depressed participants were more likely to have a sense of hopelessness for the future (AOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.90, 5.20) and report higher levels of internalized homophobia (AOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.47, 3.67). Participants who reported feeling lonely were more likely to have had condomless receptive anal intercourse in the past 6 months (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.08, 2.58) and feel hopeless for the future (AOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.60, 3.70). MSM in China have significant rates of depression and loneliness. HIV prevention efforts should address the mental health needs of Chinese MSM such as providing safe environments for social support and role models.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a grant from the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (Grant Number: R00MH093201).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xiaoyou Su

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    A. Ning Zhou

  3. Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Jianjun Li, Ling-en Shi, Xiping Huan & Hongjing Yan

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics & Global Health Sciences, University of California, 50 Beale St., Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA

    Chongyi Wei

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  1. Xiaoyou Su
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  2. A. Ning Zhou
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Su, X., Zhou, A.N., Li, J. et al. Depression, Loneliness, and Sexual Risk-Taking Among HIV-Negative/Unknown Men Who Have Sex with Men in China. Arch Sex Behav 47, 1959–1968 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1061-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1061-y

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