Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Nudity as a Disinhibiting Cue in a Date Rape Analogue

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Situational factors likely play a role in date rape. The sexual inhibition hypothesis suggests that men are typically sexually inhibited by violence and non-consent, but that inhibition can also be disrupted. We attempted to determine if female nudity reduces inhibition of sexual arousal to non-consensual cues in sexually non-aggressive men. In two studies, heterosexual men (aged 18–25) were presented with six 2-min audiotaped narratives depicting consensual sexual interactions, non-consensual sexual interactions (rape), and non-sexual interactions (neutral) involving a man and a woman. In the first study, 20 participants saw pictures depicting nude or clothed women while listening to the stories. In the second study, 20 other participants saw videos depicting nude or clothed women exercising, also while listening to the stories. Genital responses and subjective sexual arousal were measured. Results suggested that nudity may have a disinhibitory effect on sexual arousal to non-consensual cues, but only when presented in the form of moving images.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abel, G. G., Barlow, D. H., Blanchard, E. B., & Guild, D. (1977). The components of rapists’ sexual arousal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 895–903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams, D. B., & Wilson, G. T. (1983). Alcohol, sexual arousal, and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 188–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barbaree, H. E., Marshall, W. L., & Lanthier, R. D. (1979). Deviant sexual arousal in rapists. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 215–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernat, J. A., Calhoun, K. S., & Adams, H. E. (1999). Sexually aggressive and nonaggressive men’s sexual arousal and judgments in response to acquaintance rape and consensual analogues. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 662–673.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernat, J. A., Calhoun, K. S., & Stolp, S. (1998). Sexually aggressive men’s responses to a date rape analogue: Alcohol as a disinhibiting cue. Journal of Sex Research, 35, 341–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boudreaux, E., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Best, C. L., & Saunders, B. E. (1998). Criminal victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder, and comorbid psychopathology among a community sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 665–678.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, K. E., & Malamuth, N. M. (1997). Characteristics of men who aggress sexually and of men who imagine aggressing: Risk and moderating variables. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 449–455.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felson, R. B., & Cundiff, P. R. (2014). Sexual assault as a crime against young people. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 273–284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedler, G. (2008). Naked Las Vegas. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorfein, D. S., & MacLeod, C. M. (2007). Inhibition in cognition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G. T., Lalumière, M. L., Seto, M. C., Rice, M. E., & Chaplin, T. C. (2012). Explaining the erectile responses of rapists to rape stories: The contributions of sexual activity, non-consent, and violence with injury. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 221–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heise, L., Moore, K., & Toubia, N. (1995). Sexual coercion and reproductive health: A focus on research. Takoma Park, MD: Population Council Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julien, E., & Over, R. (1988). Male sexual arousal across five modes of erotic stimulation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 17, 131–143.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanin, E. J. (1957). Male aggression in dating–courtship relations. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 197–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanin, E. J. (1984). Date rape: Unofficial criminals and victims. Victimology, 9, 95–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingston, D. A., Fedoroff, P., Firestone, P., Curry, S., & Bradford, J. M. (2008). Pornography use and sexual aggression: The impact of frequency and type of pornography use on recidivism among sexual offenders. Aggressive Behavior, 34, 341–351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kingston, D. A., Malamuth, N. M., Fedoroff, J. P., & Marshall, W. L. (2009). The importance of individual differences in pornography use: Theoretical perspectives and implications for treating sexual offenders. Journal of Sex Research, 46, 216–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P. (1985). The hidden rape victim: Personality, attitudinal and situational characteristics. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 9, 193–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P. (1988). Hidden rape: Sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of students in higher education. In A. W. Burgess (Ed.), Rape and sexual assault (Vol. 2, pp. 3–25). New York: Garland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P., & Dinero, T. E. (1988). Predictors of sexual aggression among a national sample of male college students. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 528, 133–147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P., Gidycz, C. A., & Wisniewski, N. (1987). The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 162–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lalumière, M. L., Fairweather, A. F., Harris, G. T., Suschinsky, K. D., & Seto, M. C. (2015). Genital responses to rape vignettes among young men: The influence of mood and directed attention. Manuscript submitted for publication.

  • Lalumière, M. L., Harris, G. T., Quinsey, V. L., & Rice, M. E. (2005). The causes of rape: Understanding individual differences in male propensity for sexual aggression. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lalumière, M. L., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). The sensitivity of phallometric measures with rapists. Annals of Sex Research, 6, 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalumière, M. L., & Quinsey, V. L. (1994). The discriminability of rapists from non-sex offenders using phallometric measures. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21, 150–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalumière, M. L., Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Trautrimas, C. (2003). Are rapists differentially aroused by coercive sex in phallometric assessments? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 211–224.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohr, B. A., Adams, H. E., & Davis, J. M. (1997). Sexual arousal to erotic and aggressive stimuli in sexually coercive and noncoercive men. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 230–242.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. (1981). The effects of mass media exposure on acceptance of violence against women: A field experiment. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 436–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., Check, J. V. P., & Brière, J. (1986). Sexual arousal in response to aggression: Ideological, aggressive and sexual correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 330–340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., Haber, S., & Feshbach, S. (1980). Testing hypotheses regarding rape: Exposure to sexual violence, sexual differences, and the “normality” of rapists. Journal of Research and Personality, 14, 127–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B., & Marshall, J. C. (1987). Coercive sex on the university campus. Journal of College Student Personnel, 28, 38–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muehlenhard, C. L., & Linton, M. A. (1987). Date rape and sexual aggression in dating situations: Incidence and risk factors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 186–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien, F., & Cousineau, D. (2014). Representing error bars in within-subject designs in typical software packages. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 10, 56–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reifler, C. B., Howard, J., Lipton, M. A., Liptzin, M. B., & Widmann, D. E. (1971). Pornography: An experimental study of effects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 575–582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, M. E., Chaplin, T. C., Harris, G. T., & Coutts, J. (1994). Empathy for the victim and sexual arousal among rapists and nonrapists. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 435–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadler, A. G., Booth, B. M., Cook, B. L., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2003). Factors associated with women’s risk of rape in the military environment. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 43, 262–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawatsky, M. L., Dawson, S. J., & Lalumière, M. L. (2015). Consensual victim–perpetrator intercourse following nonconsensual sex: The impact of prior relationship. Journal of Sex Research. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.996279.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, H. H., & Colgan, A. H. (1977). The effect of pornography on penile tumescence as a function of reinforcement and novelty. Behavior Therapy, 8, 938–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seto, M. C., Lalumière, M. L., Harris, G. T., & Chivers, M. L. (2012). The sexual responses of sexual sadists. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 739–753.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sigusch, V., Schmidt, G., Reinfeld, A., & Wiedemann-Sutor, I. (1970). Psychosexual stimulation: Sex differences. Journal of Sex Research, 6, 6–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. G., & Walker, C. E. (1974). Male and female differences in reaction to erotic stimuli as related to sexual adjustment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 3, 459–470.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yates, E., Barbaree, H. E., & Marshall, W. L. (1984). Anger and deviant sexual arousal. Behavior Therapy, 15, 287–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, J., & Knight, R. A. (2011). Sexual material perception in sexually coercive men: Disattending deficit and its covariates. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23, 275–291.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the helpful suggestions provided by Michael Seto.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin L. Lalumière.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fairweather, A., Kingston, D.A. & Lalumière, M.L. Nudity as a Disinhibiting Cue in a Date Rape Analogue. Arch Sex Behav 45, 821–828 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0633-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0633-y

Keywords

Navigation