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Differential Effects of an Adult Observer’s Presence on Sex-Typed Play Behavior: A Comparison Between Gender-Schematic and Gender-Aschematic Preschool Children

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Abstract

The present study examined the differential effect of an adult observer’s presence on the sex-typed play behavior of gender schematic and aschematic preschoolers. A total of 116 Israeli preschoolers (M age = 64.9 months) participated in the study. Children were classified as either gender schematic or aschematic based upon responses to a computerized measure of different sex stereotype components. Children’s play behavior with gender typical and atypical, attractive and unattractive, toys was videotaped. An observer was present for half the children’s play and absent for the other half’s play. Observation status affected the aschematic, but not the schematic, children’s play with gender typical toys. For example, observed aschematic boys spent a greater percent of time playing with the unattractive masculine toys compared to unobserved aschematic boys. This difference was not apparent for schematic boys. Additionally, a difference found for schematic boys was not apparent in schematic girls, i.e., when unobserved, schematic boys tended to spend a greater percent of time playing with the unattractive masculine toy than aschematic boys. Further, some differences were found for unattractive, and not attractive, toys. For instance, observed aschematic boys spent a greater percent of time playing with the unattractive masculine toy than did the unobserved aschematic boys. This gap was not found for the attractive masculine toy. Results are discussed with reference to the accessibility and complexity of gender schemas.

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Notes

  1. Of the original 131, 119 children were present on the first day of testing when schematicity scores were obtained and thus included in the schematicity assignment of participants. They were not include in subsequent analyses because they were either not present during the second day of testing (n = 3), their observational status was not recorded (n = 1), or they did not play with the toys when asked (n = 2).

  2. F and p values for nonsignificant values are available from the corresponding author by request.

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Acknowledgement

This article is based upon the work conducted by Pamela Wilansky-Traynor for her master’s thesis, under the supervision of Thalma Lobel.

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  1. Child, Youth, and Family Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 1R8

    Pamela Wilansky-Traynor

  2. Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Thalma E. Lobel

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  1. Pamela Wilansky-Traynor
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Correspondence to Pamela Wilansky-Traynor.

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Wilansky-Traynor, P., Lobel, T.E. Differential Effects of an Adult Observer’s Presence on Sex-Typed Play Behavior: A Comparison Between Gender-Schematic and Gender-Aschematic Preschool Children. Arch Sex Behav 37, 548–557 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9342-0

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