Abstract
This study, following Camperio-Ciani, Corna, and Capiluppi [(2004), Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 271, 2217–2221] aimed to examine the familial history of male homosexuality, and test the so-called “fertile female” hypothesis for this trait in a contemporary British sample. Using a comparative survey design, we found that white (comprising those of Anglo-European descent) and non-white (comprising ethnic “Blacks, “South Asians,” “East Asians,” “Hispanics,” and “Others”) homosexual men (n = 147) had a significant excess of maternal but not paternal line male homosexual relatives compared to heterosexual men (n = 155). We also found significantly elevated fecundity of maternal aunts of white homosexual men compared to white heterosexual men, whereas non-white heterosexual men showed elevated fecundities of almost every class of relative compared to non-white homosexual men. No significant excess of older brothers was found in homosexual compared to heterosexual men, irrespective of ethnic grouping. These data were discussed in relation to possible population-related factors in evolutionary explanations for human male homosexuality.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bailey, J. M., Dunne, M. P., & Martin, N. G. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on sexual orientation and its correlates in an Australian twin sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 524–536.
Bailey, J. M., Pillard, R. C., Dawood, K., Miller, M. B., Farrer, L. A., Trivedi, S., et al. (1999). A family history study of male sexual orientation using three independent samples. Behavior Genetics, 29, 79–86.
Bell, A. P., & Weinberg, M. S. (1978). Homosexualities: A study of diversity among men and women. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Blanchard, R. (2004). Quantitative and theoretical analyses of the relation between older brothers and homosexuality in men. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 230, 173–187.
Bobrow, D., & Bailey, J. M. (2001). Is male homosexuality maintained via kin selection? Evolution and Human Behavior, 22, 361–368.
Camperio-Ciani, A., Corna, F., & Capiluppi, C. (2004). Evidence for maternally inherited factors favouring male homosexuality and promoting female fecundity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 271, 2217–2221.
Coleman, D. A. (1994). Trends in fertility and intermarriage among immigrant populations in Western Europe as measures of integration. Journal of Biosocial Science, 26, 107–136.
Coleman, D. A., & Salt, J. (1992). The British population: Patterns, trends, and processes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hamer, D., & Copeland, P. (1994). The science of desire: The search for the gay gene and the biology of behavior. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Hamer, D. H., Hu, S., Magnuson, V. L., Hu, N., & Pattatucci, A. M. L. (1993). A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation. Science, 261, 321–327.
Hu, S., Pattatucci, A. M. L., Patterson, C., Li, L., Fulker, D. W., Cherny, S. S., et al. (1995). Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in females. Nature Genetics, 11, 248–256.
King, M., Green, J., Osborn, D. P. J., Arkell, J., Hetherton, J., & Pereira, E. (2005). Family size in white gay and heterosexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 117–122.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Kirk, K. M., Bailey, J. M., & Martin, N. G. (1999). How accurate is the family history method for assessing siblings’ sexual orientation? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28, 129–138.
McKnight, J. (1997). Straight science? Homosexuality, evolution and adaptation. London: Routledge.
McKnight, J., & Malcolm, J. (2000). Is male homosexuality maternally linked? Psychology, Evolution & Gender, 2, 229–252.
Miller, E. M. (2000). Homosexuality, birth order and evolution: Toward an equilibrium reproductive economics of homosexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 1–34.
Mustanski, B. S., DuPree, M. G., Nievergelt, C. M., Bocklandt, S., Schork, N. J., & Hamer, D. H. (2005). A genomewide scan of male sexual orientation. Human Genetics, 116, 272–278.
Office for National Statistics. (2000). Standard occupational classification. London: The Stationary Office.
Rahman, Q., & Hull, M. S. (2005). An empirical test of the kin selection hypothesis for male homosexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 461–467.
Rice, G., Anderson, C., Risch, N., & Ebers, G. (1999). Male homosexuality: Absence of linkage to microsatellite markers at Xq28. Science, 284, 665–667.
Turner, W. J. (1995). Homosexuality, type 1: An Xq28 phenomenon. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, 109–134.
Widmayer, A., & Ellis, L. (2005, August). Sexual orientation and family fertility. Poster presented at the 3rd International Behavioral Development Symposium on the Biological Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Sex-Typical Behavior, Minot, ND.
Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
Wilson, E. O. (1978). On human nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wilson, G. D., & Rahman, Q. (2005). Born gay? The psychobiology of sex orientation. London: Peter Owen Press.
Zeh, J. A., & Zeh, D. W. (2005). Maternal inheritance, sexual conflict and the maladapted male. Trends in Genetics, 21, 281–286.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9456-4
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rahman, Q., Collins, A., Morrison, M. et al. Maternal Inheritance and Familial Fecundity Factors in Male Homosexuality. Arch Sex Behav 37, 962–969 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9191-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9191-2