Skip to main content
Log in

Making Connections: Categorisations and Particularisations in Students’ Literary Argument

  • Published:
Argumentation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article investigates how students reason and argue to make sense of fictional literature. Excerpts from students’ talk are analysed using the concepts categorisation, particularisation and recontextualisation, and interpreted from a socio-cultural, dialogical perspective. The analyses show that the students’ arguments oscillate between personal experience and the novel, and between categorising and particularising perspectives. The subject relevance of talk that lies between everyday and scientific talk, and between personal and analytic readings, is revealed. The bridging of different readings, different language practices, and different learning contexts is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The class studied here, follows the syllabus R94 which puts large emphasis on classic Norwegian literature and literary history: http://www.udir.no/upload/larerplaner/Felles%20allmenne%20fag/lareplan_norsk_english.rtf (2009.02.13). For the final exam students have often been asked to analyse a text, and to place it in terms of literary history.

  2. As I understand it, the girls are referring to Albertine’s sister, who was a prostitute.

  3. Although not mentioned here, the students also talk about Albertine’s boyfriend and father. The boyfriend pretends to be interested in Albertine, but dumps her for a girl from a good family. Albertine’s father is a sailor; mostly drunk and violent when he is at home.

References

  • Andriessen, J. 2005. Arguing to learn. In The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences, ed. R. Keith Sawyer, 443–459. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnseth, H.C., and R. Säljö. 2007. Making sense of epistemic categories. Analysing students’ use of categories of progressive inquiry in computer mediated collaborative activities. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 23 (5): 425–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin, M.M. 2004. The problem of speech genres. In Speech genres and other late essays, eds. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, 60–102. Austin: University of Texas Press.

  • Billig, M. 1996. Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bommarco, B. 2006. Texter i dialog: En studie i gymnasieelevers litteraturläsning (Texts in dialogue). Malmö: School of Education, Malmö University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dysthe, O. 1993. Writing and talking to learn: A theory-based, interpretive study in three classrooms in the USA and Norway. Tromsø: University of Tromsø.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmfeldt, J. 1997. Läsningens röster. Om litteratur, genus och lärarskap (Voices of reading. On Literature, Gender and Teaching). Stockholm: Symposion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, A., and I. Pringle. 1989. Contexts for developing argument. In Narrative and argument, ed. Richard Andrews, 73–84. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furberg, A., and S. Ludvigsen. 2008. Students’ meaning making of socioscientific issues in computer mediated settings: Exploring learning through interaction trajectories. International Journal of Science Education 30 (13): 1775–1799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haworth, A. 1999. Bakhtin in the classroom: What constitutes a dialogic text? Some lessons from small group interaction. Language and Education 13 (2): 99–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hjörne, E., and R. Säljö. 2004. “There is something about Julia”: Symptoms, categories, and the process of invoking attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Swedish school: A case study. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 3 (1): 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hvistendahl, R. 2000. “Så langt ‘vår’ diktning tenner sinn i brann”: En studie av fire minoritetsspråklige elevers arbeid med norsk litteratur fra perioden 1860–1900. (A study of four students from cultural minorities working with Norwegian literature from the period 1860–1900). Oslo: Faculty of Arts, University of Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, B., and A. Henderson. 1995. Interaction analysis: Foundations and practice. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 4 (1): 39–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaspersen, P. 2004. Tekstens transformationer (Transformations of the text). Odense: University of Southern Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linell, P. 1992. The embeddedness of decontextualization in the contexts of social practices. In The dialogical alternative, ed. Astrid H. Wold, 253–271. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.

  • Linell, P. 1998. Approaching dialogue: Talk, interaction and contexts in dialogical perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludvigsen, S., and A. Mørch. 2003. ‘Categorisation in knowledge building. Task specific argumentation in a co-located CSCL environment.’ In Designing for change in networked learning environments, eds. Wasson, B., Hoppe, U. and Ludvigsen, S., 67–76. Amsterdam: Kluwer.

  • Mäkitalo, Å. 2002. Invisible people: Institutional reasoning and reflexivity in the production of services and ‘social facts’ in public employment agencies. Mind, Culture, and Activity 9 (3): 160–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mäkitalo, Å. 2003. Accounting practices as situated knowing: Dilemmas and dynamics in institutional categorization. Discourse Studies 5 (4): 495–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mäkitalo, Å. 2009. Categories as constitutive tools: Some analytical suggestions for the study of institutional practices. International Journal of Social Welfare (in press). http://www.ipd.gu.se/personal/asa.makitalo/publications/

  • Mäkitalo, Å., and R. Säljö. 2002. Talk in institutional context and institutional context in talk: Categories as situated practices. Text. Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse 22 (1): 57–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, G. 2002. Läraren, litteraturen, eleven. En studie om läsning av skönlitteratur på högstadiet (The teacher, the literature and the student). Stockholm: Stockholm University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penne, S. 2006. Profesjonsfaget norsk i en endringstid. Norsk på ungdomstrinnet. Å konstruere mening, selvforståelse og identitet gjennom språk og tekster. Fagets rolle i et identitetsperspektiv, i et likhets- og ulikhetsperspektiv (Constructing meaning, understanding of self and identity through language and text). Oslo: Faculty of Education, The University of Oslo.

  • Rødnes, K.A., and S. Ludvigsen. 2009. Elevers meningsskaping av skjønnlitteratur—samtaler og tekst (Students’ meaning making of educational literature—talk and text). Nordisk Pedagogik 29 (2): 235–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rommetveit, R. 1990. On axiomatic features of a dialogical approach to language and mind. In The dynamics of dialogue, ed. Ivana Markovà, and Klaus Foppa, 83–104. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Säljö, R., E. Riesbeck, and J. Wyndhamn. 2001. Samtal, samarbete och samsyn: En studie av koordination av perspektiv i klassrumskommunikation (Dialogue, co-operation and perspectival co-ordination). In Dialog, samspel og læring (Dialogue, interaction and learning), ed. Olga Dysthe, 219–240. Oslo: Abstrakt forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smidt, J. 1988. Seks lesere på skolen—hva de søkte og hva de fant (Six readers in school—what they sought and what they found). Trondheim: Faculty of Arts, The University of Trondheim.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L.S. 1986. Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, G. 1999. Dialogic inquiry: Toward a sociocultural practice and theory of education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertsch, J.V. 1991. Voices of the mind: A sociocultural approach to mediated action. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yonge, C., and A. Stables. 1998. ‘I am It the clown’: Problematising the distinction between ‘off task’ and ‘on task’ classroom talk. Language and Education 12 (1): 55–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project is financed by the Department of Teacher Education and School Development at the University of Oslo. I especially want to thank my supervisors Frøydis Hertzberg and Sten Ludvigsen for guidance and comments. Thanks also to Andreas Lund, David Middleton and the participants of the PhD programme “Learning, Communication and ICT” at the Faculty of Education, for constructive comments. I am particularly grateful to the teacher and the students who let me into their classroom and trusted me to use their material.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kari Anne Rødnes.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rødnes, K.A. Making Connections: Categorisations and Particularisations in Students’ Literary Argument. Argumentation 23, 531–546 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-009-9166-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-009-9166-7

Keywords

Navigation