Abstract
This article analyses the formation of the queer archives in Finland. In Finland, the close links between the civil society and the state affect the archiving of social movements’ history. One of the publicly funded private central archives, the Labour Archives (Työväen Arkisto), has taken responsibility of preserving the documents of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) past. This includes documents of activism and associations as well as personal archives and narratives. The article presents the position of the Finnish LGBT collection within the Finnish archival sector and evaluates it in the light of archival theory. The Finnish model of queer archives offers an example of preserving queer pasts in a social history archive that is neither strictly a mainstream archival institution nor an independent activist archive. The article describes the development of queer history and the need to find sources telling about queer lives and discusses the role of the archival institutions and archival science in remembering and forgetting queer pasts. The article reflects also how the archival policies and archival practices affect which pasts are officially remembered and which are forgotten.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alapuro R (1988) State and revolution in Finland. University of California Press, Berkeley
Bergman S (2002) Politics of feminism. Autonomous feminist movements in Finland and West Germany from the 1960s to the 1980s. Åbo Akademi University Press, Åbo
Bronski M (2011) A queer history of the United States. Revisioning American history. Beacon Press, Boston
Burke P (2001) The new history: its past and its future. In: Burke P (ed) New perspectives on historical writing, 2nd edn. Polity Press, Cambridge, pp 1–24
Butler J (1990) Gender trouble. Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge, New York
Carter R (2006) Of things said and unsaid: power, archival silences, and power in silence. Archivaria 61:215–233
Cook T (1992) Mind over matter: towards a new theory of archival appraisal. In: Craig BL (ed) The archival imagination: essays in honour of Hugh A. Taylor. Association of Canadian Archivists, Ottawa, pp 38–70
Cvetkovich A (2002) In the archives of lesbian feelings: documentary and popular culture. Camera Obscura 17(1):107–147
Cvetkovich A (2003) An archive of feelings. Trauma, sexuality, and lesbian public cultures. Duke University Press, Durham
Cvetkovich A (2012) Queer archival futures: case study Los Angeles. E-misfericá 9. http://hemisphericinstitute.org/hemi/en/e-misferica-91/cvetkovich. Accessed 5 May 2015
Davis NZ (1999) Who owns history? In: Ollila A (ed) Historical perspectives on memory. Studia Historica 61. Suomen Historiallinen Seura, Helsinki, pp 19–34
Dunye C, Swimar B, Juhasz A, Turner G, Walker V, Bronson LM, First-Run Features (Film) (1997) The watermelon woman. First-Run Features, New York
Eichhorn K (2010) D.I.Y. Collectors, archiving scholars, and activist librarians: legitimizing feminist knowledge and cultural production since 1990. Women’s Stud 39:622–646. doi:10.1080/00497878.2010.490716
Flinn A (2014) Activist spaces, archival places—alternative archives, libraries and resource centres and the production of history. In: Unpublished conference paper. European social science history conference, Vienna, 23rd–26th April 2014
Flinn A, Stevens M, Shepherd E (2009) Whose memories, whose archives? Independent community archives, autonomy and the mainstream. Arc Sci 9:71–86. doi:10.1007/s10502-009-9105-2
Forman R (2002) Randy on the rand: Portuguese African labor and the discourse on “unnatural vice” in the transvaal in the early twentieth century. J Hist Sex 11:570–609. doi:10.1353/sex.2003.0037
Foucault M (1978) The history of sexuality. Volume 1: an introduction. Allen Lane, London
Gentile P (2009) Resisted access? National security, the access to information act, and queer(ing) archives. Archivaria 68:141–158
Harris V (2002) The archival sliver: power, memory, and archives in South Africa. Arc Sci 2:63–86. doi:10.1007/BF02435631
Hemmings C (2002) Bisexual spaces. A geography of sexuality and gender. Routledge, London
Henttonen P (2007) Records, rules and speech acts. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1246. Tampere University Press, Tampere
Herzog D (2011) Sexuality in Europe. A twentieth century history. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hupaniittu O (2010) Marshal in a purple corset. Mannerheim ridiculed, outrageous outbursts and the freedom of speech. In: Bilsel C, Esmark K, Kžzžlyürek N, Rastrick Ó (eds) Constructing cultural identity, representing social power. Plus-Pisa University Press, Pisa, pp 60–75
Jagose A (1996) Queer theory. An introduction. New York University Press, New York
Jeffreys S (1993) Does it matter if they did it? In: Lesbian History Group (ed) Not a passing phase. Reclaiming lesbians in history 1840–1985. The Women’s Press, London, pp 19–28
Jørgensen O (2014) Access to information in the Nordic Countries. A comparison of the laws of Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway and Iceland and international rules. Nordicom, Gothenburg
Juvonen T (2002) Varjoelämää ja julkisia salaisuuksia [Shadow lives and public secrets]. Vastapaino, Tampere
Juvonen T (2006a) Introduction: queering the hegemonies of LGBT historiography. SQS 1:7–16. http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/sqs/SQSJuvonen%20Intro.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2015
Juvonen T (2006b) Shadow lives and public secrets: queering gendered spaces in 1950s and 60 s Tampere. SQS 1:49–70 http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/sqs/SQSJuvonen%20Shadow.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2015
Juvonen T (2012) Queering archives and museums—raising consciousness about preserving LGBT history in Finland. In: A paper presented at the LGBTI ALMS 2012 conference, Amsterdam, 1–3 August 2012. http://lgbtialms2012.blogspot.fi/2012/07/tuula-juvonen-queering-archives-and.html. Accessed 5 May 2015
Juvonen T (2014) Queer archival activism. In: Carotenuto S, Kirin RJ, Prlenda S (eds) A feminist critique of knowledge production. Orientale University Press, Napoli, pp 175–185
Kauranen K (2007) Did writing lead to social mobility? Case studies of ordinary writers in nineteenth-century Finland. In: Lyons M (ed) Ordinary writings, personal narratives: writing practices in 19th and early 20th-century Europe. Peter Lang, Bern, pp 51–68
Kilkki J (2004) Bearmania: frosting Finnish archival practice with imported archival theory. COMMA 1:43–54
Löfström J (1998) A premodern legacy: the “easy” criminalization of homosexual acts between women in the Finnish Penalcode 1889. In: Löfström J (ed) Scandinavian homosexualities. Essays on gay and lesbian studies. Harrington Park Press, New York, pp 53–79
Love H (2009) Emotional rescue. In: Halperin D, Traub V (eds) Gay shame. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 256–276
Luhtakallio E (2012) Practicing democracy. Local activism and politics in France and Finland. Palgrave MacMillan, London
Maliniemi K (2009) Public records and minorities: problems and possibilities for Sámi and Kven. Arc Sci 9:15–27. doi:10.1007/s10502-009-9104-3
Maynard S (2009) Police/archives. Archivaria 68:159–182
Mizielinska J (2006) Queering Moominland: the problems of translating queer theory into a non-American context. SQS 1:87–104 http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/sqs/SQSMizielinska.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2015
Muños JE (1996) Ephemera as evidence: introductory notes to queer acts. Women Perform 8(2):5–16. doi:10.1080/07407709608571228
Nordberg E (2003) A Nordic archival tradition. Arc Sci 3:85–95. doi:10.1007/BF02435652
Orrman E (2004) Legislation concerning access to and secrecy of official records, archives, and personal data in the Nordic countries. COMMA 1:113–128
Pedersen K, Edelberg P: The Danish gay and lesbian archive. Unpublished manuscript
Perez H (2005) You can have my brown body and eat it, too. Soc Text 23(3–4):171–191. doi:10.1215/01642472-23-3-4_84-85-171
Porter R (2001) History of the body reconsidered. In: Burke P (ed) New perspectives on historical writing, 2nd edn. Polity Press, Cambridge, pp 233–260
Potter CB (2006) Queer Hoover: sex, lies, and political history. J Hist Sex 15:355–381. doi:10.1353/sex.2007.0021
Rahikainen M, Fellman S (2012) On historical writing and evidence. In: Fellman S, Rahikainen M (eds) Historical knowledge. In quest of theory, method and evidence. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, pp 5–35
Rawson KJ (2009) Accessing transgender//desiring queer(er?) Archival Logics. Archivaria 68:123–140
Roque Ramírez H, Boyd NA (2012) Introduction: close encounters. In: Boyd N, Roque Ramírez H (eds) Bodies of evidence. The practice of queer oral history. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 1–20
Ruskola T (2005) What is left of sodomy after Lawrence vs. Texas Soc Text 23(3–4):235–249. doi:10.1215/01642472-23-3-4_84-85-235
Rydström J (2008) Varför behövs transhistoria? [Why is transhistory needed?]. Lambda Nordica 12:64–77
Schmidt H (2008) Colonial intimacy: the Rechenberg scandal and homosexuality in German East Africa. J Hist Sex 17:25–59. doi:10.1353/sex.2008.0011
Schwartz J, Cook T (2002) Archives, records and power: the making of modern memory. Arc Sci 2:1–19. doi:10.1007/BF02435628
Sharpe J (2001) History from below. In: Burke P (ed) New perspectives on historical writing, 2nd edn. Polity Press, Cambridge, pp 25–42
Stryker S (2008) Transgender history. Seal Press, Berkeley
Svenson A (2004) The nuances of the Nordic: archival commonalities and distinctions of the north. COMMA 1:21–25
Taavetti R (2013) Rivien välistä. Seksuaali- ja sukupuolivähemmistöjen historian tutkimuksen lähteet ja suomalaiset arkistoratkaisut [Between the lines. Sources in sexuality and gender minorities’ history and Finnish archive solutions.] Master’s thesis, University of Jyväskylä. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201307312105. Accessed 5 May 2015
Wakimoto D, Bruce C, Partridge H (2013) Archivist as activist: lessons from three queer community archives in California. Arc Sci 13:293–316. doi:10.1007/s10502-013-9201-1
Wilton T (1995) Lesbian studies: setting an agenda. Routledge, London
Yaco S, Hardy BB (2013) Historians, archivists, and social activism: benefits and costs. Arch Sci 13:253–272. doi:10.1007/s10502-012-9187-0
Acknowledgments
The earlier versions of this article have been discussed in the “Constructing and Preserving Queer Pasts: Archives, Communities and Activists” panel in the European Social Science History Conference in Vienna, April 2014 and in the “Sex + Gender + Archives” pop-up workshop organized by Archive Futures in Tampere, May 2014. The author wants to thank the participants of these discussions, as well as the anonymous referees of Archival Science, for their insightful comments and fruitful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Taavetti, R. A marshall in love. Remembering and forgetting queer pasts in the Finnish archives. Arch Sci 16, 289–307 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-015-9251-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-015-9251-7