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Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticles using beach sand and their anti-viral activity against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV): in vitro and in silico studies

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Abstract

Nanotechnology can contribute significantly to the aquaculture sector for a wide range of applications. In this study, silica nanoparticles were prepared from beach sand and characterized. The XRD pattern was obtained and confirms the crystalline nature of potassium aluminium silicate [K(AlSi3O8)], sodium silicate (Na2Si2O5), and silicon dioxide (SiO2). FTIR confirms that intense peaks at 445, 795, and 1036 cm−1 are characteristic of Si–O–Si stretching vibration. TEM micrograph of silica nanoparticles found a spherical morphology with an average size of 42 nm. In vitro anti-WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) activity was carried out using PmLyo-Sf9 cells by attachment inhibitory and virucidal activity; the optimum concentration was determined as 320 μg/mL. The interaction of silica nanoparticles and VP28 envelope protein was confirmed using in silico approach. The complexes K(AlSi3O8)-VP28, Na2Si2O5-VP28, and SiO2-VP28 had binding affinities of −5.2, −7.2, and −8.3 Kcal/mol, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors NR and GK thank the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES-ESTC) Government of India for the financial assistance (MoES/11-MRDFIESTC-MEB (SU)/2/2014 PCIII).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India

    R. Namitha, P. Santhiya & K. Govindaraju

  2. National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, India

    I. S. Bright Singh

  3. Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India

    G. Dharani

  4. Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    M. Kannan

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  1. R. Namitha
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  2. P. Santhiya
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  3. I. S. Bright Singh
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  4. G. Dharani
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  5. M. Kannan
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  6. K. Govindaraju
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Contributions

R.N.: visualization, formal analysis, investigation. P.S.: visualization, investigation. I.S.B.S.: validation, editing. G.D.: editing. M.K.: formal analysis and TEM characterization. K.G.: conceptualization, supervision, fund acquisition

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Correspondence to K. Govindaraju.

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Namitha, R., Santhiya, P., Singh, I.S.B. et al. Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticles using beach sand and their anti-viral activity against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV): in vitro and in silico studies. Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01378-z

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