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Growth performance, immune-physiological variables and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) orally subjected to different concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum

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Abstract

Nowadays, probiotics are among the most attractive food supplements for promoting animal’s growth and health condition with the aim of increasing production and lowering losses. Four hundred and eighty fish weighing 31.8 ± 2.6 g were randomly divided into four groups each in triplicates. Groups 1 to 3 were fed with commercial carp feed containing 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3 g (1.2 × 106, 0.9 × 106, and 0.56 × 106 cfu/g feed) probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum per kilogram feed for 80 days at 26 ± 1 °C, respectively. Group 4 received normal feed and was considered as control 1. Growth factors and some immunophysiological parameters were assessed on days 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 of the trail. An overall increase in growth factors of probiotic-treated groups was seen, and final weight and condition factor of groups 1 and 2 were higher than control group (p ≤ 0.05). The highest specific growth rate and best feed conversion ratio were obtained in group 1. Red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin in probiotic groups were higher than control 1, but differences were significant for group 1 (p ≤ 0.05). White blood cell (WBC) count significantly increased in groups 1 and 2 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Respiratory burst activity significantly increased in all probiotic fed groups with the highest level recorded in group 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Complement and lysozyme activities were significantly higher in group 1 followed by group 2 than both group 3 and control 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Also, serum bactericidal activity was significantly higher in group 1 than other groups (p ≤ 0.05). Serum total protein and immunoglobulin were higher in probiotic groups than control 1. No significant changes were seen in serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among all groups. After challenging fish with virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila, the lowest mortality was obtained in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). These data clearly show that application of probiotic L. plantarum in carp feed can not only improve the growth variables and immunophysiological responses of fish but also increase the fish disease resistance to motile Aeromonas septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. However, these positive improvements are dose dependent.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by a Grant from Research Council of University of Tehran and Center of Excellence of Aquatic Animal Health, University of Tehran.

We would like to thank Faradaneh Company for supporting and providing us the common carp food.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P O Box: 14155-6453, Azadi Street, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Soltani, Esmail Abdy & Ali Taheri Mirghaed

  2. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mojtaba Alishahi

  3. Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Pezhman Hosseini-Shekarabi

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  1. Mehdi Soltani
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  2. Esmail Abdy
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Soltani, M., Abdy, E., Alishahi, M. et al. Growth performance, immune-physiological variables and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) orally subjected to different concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum . Aquacult Int 25, 1913–1933 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0164-8

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