Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Effect of weaning age and the use of different sized Artemia nauplii as first feed for jade perch Scortum barcoo

  • Published:
Aquaculture International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The first days of exogenous feeding are crucial for larval recruitment. A correct first prey item and the determination of the optimal weaning age, can reduce labor cost and fish mortality to a great extent. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of small and regular Artemia fransiscana (AF and EG Artemia, Inve, Belgium) as first feed for jade perch Scortum barcoo, and to determine the minimum required duration of this life feed phase before transition to dry feed can occur. Therefore, we compared first feeding of 3 days AF nauplii instar I with 3 days of EG nauplii instar I and evaluated whether the optimal weaning age for jade perch larvae was at 7, 10, 13 or 16 days post-hatching (DPH). The study was performed in 25-L tanks in a recirculating system and lasted for 21 days (4–24 DPH). Growth, survival and tissue fatty acid composition of the larvae in the different treatments were analyzed. Results indicate that, after the start of exogenous feeding at 4 days DPH, jade perch larvae require a minimum of 9 days of live feed until 12 DPH. Co-feeding ideally starts on 10 DPH. Larvae fed AF Artemia for the first 3 days showed a significantly faster growth than larvae fed EG Artemia, although their survival was lower. Gape width of larvae at 3 and 6 DPH was measured, and implications for prey size are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  • Abi-ayad SMEA, Kestemont P, Mélard C (2000) Dynamics of total lipids and fatty acids during embryogenesis and larval development of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). Fish Physiol Biochem 23:233–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade CAP, Nascimento F, Conceicao LEC, Linares F, Lacuisse M, Dinis MT (2012) Red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, larvae performance and nutritional condition in response to different weaning regimes. J World Aquacult Soc 43:321–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnabe G, Guissi A (1994) Adaptation of the feeding behaviour of larvae of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to an alternating live food/compound-food feeding regime. Aquacult Fish Manag 25:537–546

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskerville-Bridges B, Kling LJ (2000) Early weaning of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae onto a microparticulate diet. Aquaculture 189:109–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley TM, Nardi G, Berlinsky D, Watson M (2000) Investigations of selected parameters for growth of larval and juvenile Black sea bass Centropristis striata L. J world Aquacult Soc 31:426–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremigan MT, Stein RA (1994) Gape-dependant larval foraging and zooplankton size: implications for fish recruitment across systems. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51:913–922

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cahu CL, Zambonino Infante JL (1994) Early weaning of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. larvae with a compound diet: effect on digestive enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol 109:213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cahu CL, Zambonino Infante JL (2001) Substitution of live food by formulated in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 200:161–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chepkirui-Boit V, Ngugi CC, Bowman J, Oyoo-Okoth E, Rasowo J, Mugo-Bundi J, Cherop L (2011) Growth performance, survival, feed utilization and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae co-fed Artemia and a micro-diet containing freshwater atyid shrimp (Caridina nilotica) during weaning. Aquacult Nutr 17:82–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coves D, Demavrin G, Breuil G, Devauchelle N (1991) Culture of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). In: Mcvey JP (ed) CRC handbook of mariculture and finfish aquaculture, vol II., CRC PressBoca Raton, USA, pp 3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox ES, Pankhurst PM (2000) Feeding behavior of greenback flounder larvae Rhombosolea taparina (Günther) with different exposure histories to live prey. Aquaculture 183:285–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels HV, Hodson RG (1999) Weaning success of southern flounder juveniles: effects of changeover period and diet type on growth and survival. N Am J Aquacult 61:47–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhert P, Rombout G, Suantika G, Sorgeloos P (2001) Advancement of rotifer culture and manipulation techniques in Europe. Aquaculture 200:129–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dou SZ, Masuda R, Tanaka M, Tsukamoto K (2002) Feeding resumption, morphological changes and mortality during starvation in Japanese flounder larvae. J Fish Biol 60:1361–1380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escaffre AM, Zambonino Infante JL, Cahu CL, Mambrini M, Bergot P, Kaushik SJ (1997) Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate for larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture 153:63–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Diaz C, Yufera M (1997) Detecting growth in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. larvae fed microcapsules. Aquaculture 153:93–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Díaz C, Pascual E, Yúfera M (1994) Feeding behaviour and prey size selection of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., larvae fed on inert and live food. Mar Biol 118:323–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gang L, Hongxin T, Guozhi L, Chuan SD (2010) Effect of density on Scortum barcoo (McCulloch & Waite) juvenile performance in circular tanks. Aquacult Res 41:1898–1904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green BS, McCormick MI (2001) Ontogeny of the digestive and feeding systems in the anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus. Environ Biol Fish 61:73–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gwak WS, Tanaka M (2001) Development changes in RNA: DNA ratios of fed and starved laboratory-reared Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles, and its applications to assessment of nutritional conditions for wild fish. J Fish Biol 59:902–915

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart PR, Purser GJ (1996) Weaning of hatchery reared greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina Gunther) from live to artificial diets: effects of age and duration of the changeover period. Aquaculture 145:171–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt J (1993) Feeding larval red drum on microparticulate diets in a closed recirculating water system. J World Aquacult Soc 24:225–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung LT, Tuan NA, Cacot P, Lazard J (2002) Larval rearing of the Asian Catfish, Pangasius bocourti (Siluroidei, Pangasiidae): alternative feeds and weaning time. Aquaculture 212:115–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isik O, Sarihan E, Kusvuran E, Gul O, Erbatur O (1999) Comparison of the fatty acid composition of the freshwater fish larvae Tilapia zillii, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, and the microalgae Scenedesmus abundans, Monoraphidium minitum and Chlorella vulgaris in the algae-rotifer-fish larvae food chain. Aquaculture 174:299–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kestemont P, Xueliang X, Hamza N, Maboudou J, Toko II (2007) Effect of weaning age and diet on pikeperch larviculture. Aquaculture 264:197–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolkovski S, Arieli A, Tandler A (1997a) Visual and chemical cues stimulate microdiet ingestion in sea bream larvae. Aquacult Int 5:527–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolkovski S, Koven W, Tandler A (1997b) The mode of action of Artemia in enhancing utilization of microdiet by gilthead seabream Sparus aurata larvae. Aquaculture 155:193–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolkovski S, Tandler A, Izquierdo MS (1997c) Effects of live food and dietary digestive enzymes on the efficiency of microdiets for seabass (Dicentrarchus Zabrax) larvae. Aquaculture 148:313–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koven W, Kolkovski S, Hadas E, Gamsiz K, Tandler A (2001) Advances in the development of microdiets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata: a review. Aquaculture 194:107–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepage G, Roy CC (1984) Improved recovery of fatty acid through direct transesterification without prior extraction or purification. J Lipid Res 25:1391–1396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leu MY, Liou CH, Wu CH (1991) Feasibility of using micro-coated diet fed to larval yellow-finned black porgy, Acanthopagrus lam (Houttuyn). J Fish Sot Taiwan 18:287–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhu VC, Dierckens K, Nguyen TH, Tran MT, Sorgeloos P (2009) Can umbrella-stage Artemia fransiscana substitute enriched rotifers for Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish larvae? Aquaculture 289:64–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostaszewska T (2005) Development changes of digestive system structures in pikepech (Sander Lucioperca L.). Electr J Ichthyol 2:65–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Østergaard P, Munk P, Janekarn V (2005) Contrasting feeding patterns among species of fish larvae from the tropical Andaman Sea. Mar Biol 146:595–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Person Le Ruyet J, Alexandre JC, Thebaud L, Mugnier C (1993) Marine fish larvae feeding: formulated diets or live preys? J World Aquacult Soc 24:211–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rekecki A, Dierckens K, Laureau S, Boon N, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W (2009) Effect of germ-free rearing environment on gut development of larval sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture 293:8–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargent JR, Henderson RJ, Tocher DR (1989) The lipids. In: Halver JE (ed) Fish Nutrition, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, p 153

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh-Eldin M, De Silva SS, Ingram BA (1997) Effects of diets and feeding rate on the survival and growth of Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) larvae, a threatened Australian native fish. Aquaculture 157:35–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shirota A (1970) Studies on the mouth size of fish larvae. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 36:353–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song LP, An L, Zhu ZA, Li X, Wang AY (2009) Effects of dietary lipids on growth and feed utilization of Jade Perch, Scortum barcoo. J World Aquacult Soc 40:266–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorgeloos P, Dhert P, Candreva P (2001) Use of brine shrimp, Artemia spp., in marine fish larviculture. Aquaculture 200:147–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sserwadda M (2012) Weaning of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) larvae and the importance of highly unsaturated fatty acids. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the academic degree of Master of Science in Aquaculture, Laboratory for Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of animal production, Ghent University, Belgium, p 41

  • Süzer C, Kamaci HO, Coban D, Saka S, Firat K, Karacaoglan A (2011) Early weaning of sea bass (D. labrax) larvae: effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 11:491–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hoestenberghe S, Roelants I, Vermeulen D, Goddeeris BM (2013) Total replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils in the diet of juvenile Jade perch scortum barcoo reared in recirculating aquaculture systems. J Agr Sci Tech B 3:385–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Stappen G (1996) Artemia: use of cysts. In: Lavens P, Sorgeloos P (eds) Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture, FAO Fisheries technical paper no. 361, pp 132–170

  • Verreth J, Custers G, Melgur W (1994) The metabolism of neutral and polar lipids in eleuthero-embryos and starving larvae of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. J Fish Biol 45:961–971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster CD, Lovell RT (1990) Response of striped bass larvae fed brine shrimp from different sources containing different fatty acid compositions. Aquaculture 90:49–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wirth M, Steffens W, Meinelt T, Steinberg C (1997) Significance of docosahexaenoic acid for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. Fett/Lipid 99:251–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yufera M, Darias MJ (2007) The onset of exogenous feeding in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 268:53–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zambonino Infante JL, Cahu CL (1994) Development and response to a diet change of some digestive enzymes in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol 109A:213–222

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the Interreg IVa Flanders–The Netherlands project Aquavlan with financial support of the European Regional Development Fund and with the help of the province of Vlaams-Brabant and East Flanders. The authors want to thank Jorg Desmyter (Laboratory of aquaculture, Ugent) for helping out with system setup and running the experiment, Dominique Adriaens (Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Department of Biology, Ugent) and Annemie Decostere and Wim Van den Broeck (Department of Morphology, UGent) for their advice in morphological measurements and interpretations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, PO Box 2456, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    Stijn Van Hoestenberghe & Bruno M. Goddeeris

  2. Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Mathieu Wille & Nancy Nevejan

  3. Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium

    Evelien De Swaef

Authors
  1. Stijn Van Hoestenberghe
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mathieu Wille
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Evelien De Swaef
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bruno M. Goddeeris
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nancy Nevejan
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stijn Van Hoestenberghe.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Van Hoestenberghe, S., Wille, M., De Swaef, E. et al. Effect of weaning age and the use of different sized Artemia nauplii as first feed for jade perch Scortum barcoo . Aquacult Int 23, 1539–1552 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-015-9903-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-015-9903-x

Keywords