Abstract
In the pearl cultivation farms of the Ehime Prefecture, Japan, mass mortalities of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have occurred since 1994. The occurrences of mass mortality roughly coincided with a shift of the dominant phytoplankton from Skeletonema and Chaetoceros to Chaetoceros and Nitzschia all of which belong to Bacillariophyceae. Hence, we evaluated Nitzschia, together with Chaetoceros and Isocrysis, as food for the oyster. Wet weights, lengths, widths, glycogen contents, and growth rates in terms of wet weight of the oysters in all the feeding treatments were significantly higher than those in the non-feeding treatment. The highest glycogen content (2.34%) and growth rate (2.21 g month−1) were found in the Chaetoceros treatment. Growth rate in the Isocrysis treatment (1.63 g month−1) was also high, although glycogen content in this treatment (0.41%) was low. In the Nitzschia treatment, growth rate of the oyster (0.94 g month−1) was the lowest and glycogen content (0.83%) was also low relative to that in the Chaetoceros treatment. Chlorophyll a concentration in fecal pellets was lowest in the Nitzschia treatment (<2.7 μg mg−1), suggesting more complete digestion of Nitzschia by the oyster. Thus, Nitzschia was edible and digestible but not assimilated by P. fucata. We propose the following scenario for the relationship between Nitzschia dominance and mass mortality. When Nitzschia dominates in a culture area, the physiological condition of P. fucata deteriorates due to low assimilation of Nitzschia by the oyster, followed by susceptibility of the oyster to infection by agents lethal to the oyster.
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Acknowledgements
I wish to express sincere thanks to Mr S. Hyodo and the staff of Uchiumi Institute of Oceanic and Fishery Science for their help with the field monitoring and feeding experiment and for supporting the glycogen analysis. We thank Dr M. J. Morris for correction of our English and constructive comments on the manuscript. The present study was partly supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 12308027, JSPS, and the Research Fund of coastal environment in Uchiumi Bay, Ainan Town, Ehime Prefecture.
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Hashimoto, T., Hyodoh, K., Hirose, T. et al. Evaluation of three phytoplankton species as food for the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata . Aquacult Int 16, 309–318 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-007-9144-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-007-9144-8