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Molecular and cellular mechanisms of excitotoxic neuronal death

  • Apoptosis in the aging brain
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Abstract

Glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory neurotransmission plays a key role in neural development, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. However, excessive stimulation of glutamate receptors induces neurotoxicity, a process that has been defined as excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity is considered to be a major mechanism of cell death in a number of central nervous system diseases including stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Unfortunately clinical trials with glutamate receptor antagonists, that would logically prevent the effects of excessive receptor activation, have been associated with untoward side effects or little clinical benefit. Therefore, uncovering molecular pathways involved in excitotoxic neuronal death is of critical importance to future development of clinical treatment of many neurodegenerative disorders where excitotoxicity has been implicated. This review discusses the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of excitotoxicity and their roles in the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by grants from The Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30772560; No. 30930035).

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Soochow University School of Medicine, WenJing Road, 215123, Suzhou, China

    Yan Wang & Zheng-hong Qin

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Correspondence to Zheng-hong Qin.

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Wang, Y., Qin, Zh. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of excitotoxic neuronal death. Apoptosis 15, 1382–1402 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-010-0481-0

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