Abstract
We examined the faunal composition and abundance of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in apple orchards under different pest management systems in Hungary. A total of 30 apple orchards were surveyed, including abandoned and organic orchards and orchards where integrated pest management (IPM) or broad spectrum insecticides (conventional pest management) were applied. A total of 18 phytoseiid species were found in the canopy of apple trees. Species richness was greatest in the organic orchards (mean: 3.3 species/400 leaves) and the least in the conventional orchards (1.4), with IPM (2.1) and abandoned (2.7) orchards showing intermediate values. The phytoseiid community’s Rényi diversity displayed a similar pattern. However, the total phytoseiid abundance in the orchards with different pest management systems did not differ, with abundance varying between 1.8 and 2.6 phytoseiids/10 leaves. Amblyseius andersoni, Euseius finlandicus, and Typhlodromus pyri were the three most common species. The relative abundance of A. andersoni increased with the pesticide load of the orchards whereas the relative abundance of E. finlandicus decreased. The abundance of T. pyri did not change in the apple orchards under different pest management strategies; regardless of the type of applied treatment, they only displayed greater abundance in five of the orchards. The remaining 15 phytoseiid species only occurred in small numbers, mostly from the abandoned and organic orchards. We identified a negative correlation between the abundance of T. pyri and the other phytoseiids in the abandoned and organic orchards. However, we did not find any similar link between the abundance of A. andersoni and E. finlandicus.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Professor Gábor Jenser for all the help he provided in the examinations. We would also like to thank Ildikó Csamangó, Lajos Földes, Dr. Józsefné Molnár, Katinka Nyisztor, Zsófia Pálinkás, Róbert Redeczki, László Somay and Georgina Szava for their help in collecting and processing the samples and to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The present research was supported by OTKA (K75856 and NN 101940) and partially by TÁMOP (4.2.1.B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005, 4.2.2.B-10/1-2010-0023 and 4.2.4.A/1-11-1-2012-0001).
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Szabó, Á., Pénzes, B., Sipos, P. et al. Pest management systems affect composition but not abundance of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in apple orchards. Exp Appl Acarol 62, 525–537 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9752-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9752-0