Skip to main content
Log in

Business groups and market failures: A focus on vertical and horizontal strategies

  • Published:
Asia Pacific Journal of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Drawing from transaction cost economics and strategic management, this paper develops a series of propositions that link market failure with corporate strategy. In doing so, the paper focuses on both vertical and horizontal strategies as strategic approaches that could be used to address different types of market failure. The significant contribution of the paper lies in its deconstruction of the various types of market failure and developing a theoretically grounded set of propositions that identifies appropriate corporate strategic responses that can be used to ameliorate the negative consequences of each type of failure. In doing so it also explores the evolution of business groups and the viability of strategic choices that groups are likely to make as they navigate the emerging market terrain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. We thank an anonymous reviewer for emphasizing this aspect.

References

  • Baker, G., & Holmstrom, B. 1995. Internal labor markets: Too many theories, too few facts. American Economic Review, 85: 230–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, D. P. 1995. Integrated strategy: Market and nonmarket components. California Management Review, 37(2): 47–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bator, F. M. 1958. The anatomy of market failure. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 72: 351–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billett, M. T., & Mauer, D. C. 2000. Diversification and the value of internal capital markets: The case of tracking stock. Journal of Banking & Finance, 24: 1457–1490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carney, M., & Gedajlovic, E. 2003. Strategic innovation and the administrative heritage of East Asian family business groups. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20: 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casson, M. 1984. The theory of vertical Integration: A survey and synthesis. Journal of Economic Studies, 11(2): 3–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, A. D., Jr. 1962. Strategy and structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, A. D., Jr. 1991. The functions of the HQ unit in the multibusiness firm. Strategic Management Journal, 12: 31–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S.-J. 2006. Business groups in East Asia: Financial crisis, restructuring and new growth. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, W. 2001. Contingency organizations and shared values: Multiple logics in managing diversification. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 18: 83–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coase, R. H. 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica, 4: 386–405(new series).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collis, D. J., & Montgomery, C. A. 1997. Corporate strategy: Resources and the scope of the firm. Chicago: Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith, J. R., & Nathanson, D. A. 1978. Strategy implementation: The role of structure and process. St. Paul, Minnesota: West.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gertner, R. H., Scharfstein, D. S., & Stein, J. C. 1994. Internal versus external capital markets. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109: 1211–1230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goold, M., & Campbell, A. 2002. Designing effective organizations: How to create structured networks. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goold, M., Campbell, A., & Alexander, M. 1994. Corporate-level strategy: Creating value in the multibusiness company. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goold, M., Campbell, A., & Luchs, K. 1993. Strategies and styles revisited: Strategic planning and financial control. Long Range Planning, 26(5): 49–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. 1985. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. M. 2002. Contemporary strategy analysis: Concepts, techniques, applications (4th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, S. J., & Hart, O. D. 1986. The costs and benefits of ownership: A theory of vertical and lateral integration. The Journal of Political Economy, 94: 691–719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillen, M. F. 2000. Business groups in emerging economies: A resource-based view. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 362–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulati, R., Lawrence, P. R., & Puranam, P. 2005. Adaptation in vertical relationships: Beyond incentive conflict. Strategic Management Journal, 26: 415–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallwood, C. P. 1992. Perceptions of market efficacy, transaction costs, and vertical disintegration in offshore oil gathering. Journal of Economic Studies, 19(3): 36–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennart, J.-F. 2001. Theories of the multinational enterprises. In Rugman, A. M. & Brewer, T. L. (Eds.). Oxford handbook of international business: 127–149. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. W. L. 1988. Internal capital market controls and financial performance in multidivisional firms. Journal of Industrial Economics, 37: 67–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, J., James, C., & Marcus, D. 1997. Capital market frictions and the role of internal capital markets in banking. Journal of Financial Economics, 46: 135–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, R. L. 1974. Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review, 52(5): 90–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 1997. Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 75(4): 41–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 1999a. Policy shocks, market intermediaries, and corporate strategy: The evolution of business groups in Chile and India. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 8: 271–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 1999b. The right way to restructure conglomerates in emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 77(4): 125–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 2000a. The future of business groups in emerging markets: Long-run evidence from Chile. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 268–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 2000b. Is group affiliation profitable in emerging markets? An analysis of diversified Indian business groups. Journal of Finance, 55: 867–892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., Palepu, K. G., & Sinha, J. 2005. Strategies that fit emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 83(6): 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., Hoskisson, R. E., Tihanyi, L., & Hong, J. 2004. The evolution and restructuring of diversified business groups in emerging markets: The lessons from chaebols in Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21(1–2): 25–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, P. R., & Lorsch, J. W. 1967. Organization and environment: Managing differentiation and integration. Boston, MA: Harvard University, Graduate School of Business Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K., & He, X. 2005. Capability of the Samsung Group: Creating in Korea and replicating in China. Paper presented at the Asia Pacific Journal of Management Conference and Special Issue on Business Groups, Singapore.

  • Li, M., & Wong, Y. Y. 2003. Diversification and economic performance: An empirical assessment of Chinese firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20: 243–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, T., Ping, E. J., & Chiu, W. K. C. 2005. International diversification and performance: Evidence from Singapore. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 65–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X., & Chung, C.-N. 2005. Keeping it all in the family: The role of particularistic relationships in business group performance during institutional transition. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50: 404–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. D., & Sayrak, A. 2003. Corporate diversification and shareholder value: A survey of recent literature. Journal of Corporate Finance, 9: 37–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, J. 2006. Dragon multinationals: New players in 21st century globalization. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23: 5–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palich, L. E., Cardinal, L. B., & Miller, C. C. 2000. Curvilinearity in the diversification-performance linkage: An examination of over three decades of research. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 155–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W. 2003. Institutional transitions and strategic choices. Academy of Management Review, 28: 275–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W. 2005. From China strategy to global strategy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 123–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., Lee, S.-H., & Wang, D. Y. L. 2005. What determines the scope of the firm over time: A focus on institutional relatedness. Academy of Management Review, 30: 622–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy, K., Li, M., & Pécherot Petitt, B. S. 2004. Who drives unrelated diversification? A study of Indian manufacturing firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21: 403–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiba, T., & Shimotani, M. 1997. Beyond the firm: Business groups in international and historical perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, F., Majluf, N., & Paredes, R. D. 2006. Family ties, interlocking directors and performance of business groups in emerging countries: The case of Chile. Journal of Business Research, 59: 315–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, J. 2005. Global champions from emerging markets. McKinsey Quarterly, 2005(2): 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J. C. 1997. Internal capital markets and the competition for corporate resources. Journal of Finance, 52: 111–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, J. E. 1989. Markets, market failures, and development. The American Economic Review, 79: 197–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. J. 1981. The multinational enterprise: Market failure and market power considerations. Sloan Management Review, 22(3): 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, R. D. 1999. Divergent capitalisms: The social structuring and change of business systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. 1971. The vertical integration of production: Market failure considerations. American Economic Review, 61: 112–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. 1975. Market and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M., Filatotchev, I., Hoskisson, R. E., & Peng, M. W. 2005. Strategy research in emerging economies: Challenging the conventional wisdom. The Journal of Management Studies, 42: 1–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, W.-P., & Choi, W. L. 2004. Transaction cost, social capital and firms’ synergy creation in Chinese business networks: An integrative approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21: 325–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mingfang Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Li, M., Ramaswamy, K. & Pécherot Petitt, B.S. Business groups and market failures: A focus on vertical and horizontal strategies. Asia Pacific J Manage 23, 439–452 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-006-9016-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-006-9016-1

Keywords

Navigation