Skip to main content

Service Coordination by Public Sector Managers in a Human Service Contracting Environment

Abstract

Despite emerging evidence of contracting for evidence-based practices (EBP), little research has studied how managers lead contract-based human service delivery. A 2015 survey of 193 managers from five San Francisco Bay Area county human service departments examined the relationship between contract-based service coordination (i.e., structuring cross-sector services, coordinating client referrals and eligibility, overseeing EBP implementation) and the predictors of managerial role, involvement, and boundary spanning. Multivariate regression results suggested that county managers identified fewer service coordination challenges if they were at the executive and program levels, had greater contract involvement, and engaged in contract-focused boundary spanning. In conclusion, we underscore the organizational and managerial dimensions of contract-based service delivery.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

  • Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Farahnak, L. R., & Hurlburt, M. S. (2015). Leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI): A randomized mixed method pilot study of a leadership and organization development intervention for evidence-based practice implementation. Implementation Science, 10, 11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Farahnak, L. R., & Sklar, M. (2014). Aligning leadership across systems and organizations to develop a strategic climate for evidence-based practice implementation. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 255–274.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Farahnak, L. R., Sklar, M., & Horowitz, J. (2017). Discrepancies in leader and follower ratings of transformational leadership: Relationships with organizational culture in mental health. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 44, 480–491.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aarons, G. A., Green, A. E., Trott, E., Willging, C. E., Torres, E. M., Ehrhart, M. G., & Roesch, S. C. (2016). The roles of system and organizational leadership in system-wide evidence-based intervention sustainment: A mixed-methods study. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.

  • Amirkhanyan, A. A., Kim, H. J., & Lambright, K. T. (2012). Closer than “arms length”: Understanding the factors associated with collaborative contracting. American Review of Public Administration, 42, 341–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, M. J., Dal Santo, T., & Lewis, D. (2012). Boundary-crossing careers of senior human service administrators: A cross-case analysis. Administration in Social Work, 36, 109–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baruch, Y., & Holton, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61, 1139–1160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Stone, M. M. (2015). Designing and implementing cross-sector collaborations: Needed and challenging. Public Administration Review, 75, 647–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunger, A. C., Cao, Y., Girth, A. M., Hoffman, J., & Robertson, H. A. (2016). Constraints and benefits of child welfare contracts with behavioral health providers: Conditions that shape service access. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 43, 728–739.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bunger, A. C., Doogan, N. J., & Cao, Y. (2014). Building service delivery networks: Partnership evolution among children’s behavioral health agencies in response to new funding. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 5, 513–538.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. A. (2012). Public managers in integrated service collaboratives: What works is workarounds. Public Administration Review, 72, 721–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. A., & Lambright, K. T. (2016). Program performance and multiple constituency theory. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 45, 150–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2010). How big is an odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Communications in Statistics—Simulation and Computing, 39, 860–864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, E., McBeath, B., Collins-Camargo, C., & Armstrong, M. (2014). Strengthening public-private partnerships in state child welfare systems: Results of a multi-state strategic planning process. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 8, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins-Camargo, C., McBeath, B., & Ensign, K. E. (2011). Privatization and performance-based contracting in child welfare: Recent trends and implications for social service administrators. Administration in Social Work, 35, 494–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazley, B. (2017). The current state of interorganizational collaboration: Lessons for human service research and management. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership, & Governance, 41, 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, W., Graham, I. D., Ehrhart, M. G., Davies, B. D., & Aarons, G. A. (2017). Ottawa model of implementation leadership and implementation leadership scale: Mapping concepts for developing and evaluating theory-based leadership interventions. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 9, 15–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Girth, A. M. (2014). A closer look at contract accountability: Exploring the determinants of sanctions for unsatisfactory contract performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24, 317–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girth, A. M., Hefetz, A., Johnston, J. M., & Warner, M. E. (2014). Outsourcing public service delivery: Management responses in noncompetitive markets. Public Administration Review, 72, 887–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graff, G., Hengeveld-Bidmon, E., Carnochan, S., Radu, P., & Austin, M. J. (2016). The impact of the Great Recession on county human-service organizations: A cross-case analysis. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership, & Governance, 40, 152–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guarneros-Meza, V., & Martin, S. (2016). Boundary spanning in local public service partnerships: Coaches, advocates, or enforcers? Public Management Review, 18, 238–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, K. (2014). Knowledge sharing in a third-party-governed health and human services network. Public Administration Review, 74, 587–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamothe, M., & Lamothe, S. (2012). To trust or not to trust? What matters in local governmet-vendor relationships? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22, 867–892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeman, J., Calancie, L., Kegler, M. C., Escoffery, C. T., Herrmann, A. K., & Fernandez, M. E. (2017). Developing theory to guide building practitioners’ capacity to implement evidence-based interventions. Health Education and Behavior, 44, 59–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. S., & Freese, J. (2014). Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata (3rd ed.). College Station: StataCorp LP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas, C., & Hox, J. (2004). Robustness issues in multilevel regression analysis. Statistica Neerlandica, 58, 127–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBeath, B., Carnochan, S., Stuart, M., & Austin, M. J. (2017). The managerial and relational dimensions of public-nonprofit human service contracting. Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation, 3, 51–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBeath, B., & Meezan, W. (2010). Governance in motion: Service provision and child welfare outcomes in a performance-based, managed care contract environment. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 20, i101–i124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melton, E. K., & Meier, K. J. (2017). For the want of a nail: The interaction of managerial capacity and human resource management on organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 77, 118–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moineddin, R., Matheson, F., & Glazier, R. H. (2007). A simulation study of sample size for multilevel logistic regression models. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7, 34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moullin, J. C., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2017). The role of leadership in organizational implementation and sustainment in service agencies. Research on Social Work Practice.

  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533–544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palinkas, L. A., Um, M. Y., Jeong, C. H., Chor, K. H. B., Olin, S., & Hoagwood, K. E. (2017). Adoption of innovative and evidence-based practices for children and adolescents in state-supported mental health clinics: A qualitative study. Health Research Policy and Systems, 15, 27.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pettijohn, S. L., & Boris, E. T. (2014). Contracts and grants between human service nonprofits and government: Comparative analysis. July: Urban Institute Brief #4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radu, P. T., Carnochan, S., & Austin, M. J. (2015). Obstacles to social service collaboration in response to the Great Recession: The case of the Contra Costa County safety net initiative. Journal of Community Practice, 23, 323–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, A., Schwarz, U., Lornudd, C., Lundmark, R., Mosson, R., & Hasson, H. (2016). iLead—A transformational leadership intervention to train healthcare managers’ implementation leadership. Implementation Science, 11, 108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romzek, B. S., LeRoux, K., Johnston, J., Kempf, R., & Piatak, J. S. (2014). Informal accountability in multisector service delivery collaborations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24, 813–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvia, C., & McGuire, M. (2010). Leading public sector networks: An empirical examination of integrative leadership behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 264–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. R., & Phillips, S. D. (2016). The changing and challenging environment of nonprofit human services: Implications for governance and program implementation. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 7, 79–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • StataCorp. (2015). Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station: StataCorp LP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Slyke, D. M. (2007). Agents or stewards: Using theory to understand the government-nonprofit social service contracting relationship. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 17, 157–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, R., Pérez Jolles, M., Chuang, E., McBeath, B., & Collins-Camargo, C. (2014). Trends in local public child welfare agencies 1999–2009. Children and Youth Services Review, 38, 93–100.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Willging, C. E., Aarons, G. A., Trott, E. M., Green, A. E., Finn, N., Ehrhart, M. G., & Hecht, D. B. (2016). Contracting and procurement for evidence-based interventions in public-sector human services: A case study. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 43, 675–692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willging, C. E., Green, A. E., Gunderson, L., Chaffin, M., & Aarons, G. A. (2015). From a “perfect storm” to “smooth sailing”: Policymaker perspectives on implementation and sustainment of an evidence-based practice in two states. Child Maltreatment, 20, 24–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. (2002). The competent boundary spanner. Public Administration, 80, 103–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bowen McBeath.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All the author declares that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

It was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

McBeath, B., Chuang, E., Carnochan, S. et al. Service Coordination by Public Sector Managers in a Human Service Contracting Environment. Adm Policy Ment Health 46, 115–127 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-018-0899-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-018-0899-1

Keywords

  • Human services
  • Mental health services
  • Contracting
  • Evidence-based practice
  • Collaboration