Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between initial youth hope, measured within the first 4 weeks of mental health treatment, and treatment progress over time (self-, caregiver-, and clinician-report of symptom severity) in a clinical sample of youth ages 11–18 years (N = 356). The psychometric properties of the CHS-PTPB, a revised version of the Children’s Hope Scale, are also presented. Results indicate the CHS-PTPB is a psychometrically sound measure for use in this population. Additionally, results found that while higher levels of hope were associated with lower levels of symptom severity at baseline, initial level of hope was not significantly related to symptom improvement over time as reported by the youth and caregiver. Surprisingly, higher initial hope predicted slower treatment progress as rated by clinicians. According to clinician-rated symptom severity, youth with high initial hope and high baseline symptom severity show the poorest predicted clinical outcome. Implications, future directions, and limitations of the study are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Athay, M. M. (2012). Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in caregivers of clinically-referred youth: Psychometric properties and mediation analysis. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Service Research. doi:1007/s10488-011-0390-8.
Athay, M. M., Kelley, S. D., & Dew-Reeves, S. E. (2012). Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale-PTPB version (BMSLSS-PTPB): Psychometric properties and relationship with mental health symptoms over time. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Service Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-011-0385-5.
Athay, M. M., Riemer, M., & Bickman, L. (2012). The Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS): Psychometric evaluation and discrepancies among youth, caregiver, and clinician ratings over time. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Service Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-012-0403-2.
Bickman, L., Athay, M. M., Riemer, M., Lambert, E. W., Kelley, S. D., Breda, C., et al. (Eds.) (2010). Manual of the Peabody Treatment Progress Battery, 2nd ed. [Electronic version]. Nashville: Vanderbilt University. http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/ptpb/.
Bickman, L., Riemer, M., Lambert, E. W., Breda, C., Kelley, S. D., Vides de Andrade, A. R., et al. (Eds.) (2007). Manual of the Peabody Treatment Progress Battery [Electronic version]. Nashville: Vanderbilt University. http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/ptpb/.
Browne, M. W., & Cudek, R. (1993). Alternative ways of accessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park: Sage.
Dew-Reeves, S. E., & Athay, M. M. (2012). Validation and use of the youth and caregiver Treatment Outcomes Expectations Scale (TOES) to assess the relationship between expectations, pretreatment characteristics, and outcomes. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Service Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-012-0406-z.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
Elliott, T. R. (2002). Psychological explanations of personal journeys: Hope for a positive psychology in theory, practice, and policy. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 276–288.
Hinds, P. S., Quargnenti, A., Fairclough, D., Bush, A. J., Betcher, D., Rissmiller, G., et al. (1999). Hopefulness and its characteristics in adolescents with cancer. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 21, 600–620.
Irving, L. M., Snyder, C. R., Cheavens, J., Gravel, L., Hanke, J., Hilberg, P., et al. (2004). The relationships between hope and outcomes at the pretreatment, beginning, and later phases of psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14, 419–443.
Kelley, S. D., & Bickman, L. (2009). Beyond outcomes monitoring: Measurement feedback systems in child and adolescent clinical practice. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 363–368.
Kelley, S. D., Bickman, L., & Norwood, E. (2010). Evidence-based treatments and common factors in youth psychotherapy. In B. L. Duncan, S. D. Miller, B. E. Wampold, & M. A. Hubble (Eds.), The heart and soul of change: Delivering what works in therapy (2nd ed., pp. 325–355). Washington, DC: American psychological association.
Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley.
Maddux, J. E. (2005). Stopping the “madness:” Positive psychology and the deconstruction of the illness ideology and the DSM. In C. Snyder (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 13–25). Cary: Oxford University Press.
McKnight, P. E., McKnight, K. M., Sidani, S., & Figueredo, A. J. (2007). Missing data: A gentle introduction. New York: Guilford.
Neto, F. (1993). The satisfaction with life scale: Psychometric properties in an adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22(2), 125–134.
Proctor, C., Linley, P. A., & Maltby, J. (2009). Youth life satisfaction measures: A review. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 128–144.
Riemer, M., Athay, M. M., Bickman, L., Breda, C., Kelley, S. D., & Vides de Andrade, A. (2012). The Peabody Treatment Progress Battery: History and methods for developing a comprehensive measurement battery for youth mental health. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-012-0404-1.
Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.
Seligson, J., Huebner, E. S., & Valois, R. F. (2003). Preliminary validation of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS). Social Indicators Research, 61, 121–145.
Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., Hockemeyer, J. R., & Feldman, D. B. (2002). Somewhere over the rainbow: Hope theory weathers its first decade. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 322–331.
Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 355–360.
Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249–275.
Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., Danovsky, M., et al. (1997). The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22, 399–421.
Snyder, C. R., Ilardi, S. S., Cheavens, J., Michael, S. T., Yamhure, L., & Sympson, S. (2000). The role of hope in cognitive-behavior therapies. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 747–762.
Snyder, C. R., Michael, S. T., & Cheavens, J. S. (1999). Hope as a psychotherapeutic foundation of common factors, placebos, and expectancies. In M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, & S. D. Miller (Eds.), The heart and soul of change: What works in therapy (pp. 179–200). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2004). Further evaluation of the Children’s Hope Scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 22, 320–337.
Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 393–406.
Von Hippel, P. T. (2005). How many imputations are needed? A comment on Hershberger and Fisher (2003). Structural Equation Modeling, 12, 334–335.
Wright, B. D., & Linacre, J. M. (1994). Reasonable mean-square fit values. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 8, 370. Retrieved March 10, 2011 from www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt83b.htm.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by NIMH grants R01-MH068589 and 4264600201 awarded to Leonard Bickman. In addition, the authors are extremely grateful for the discussion with and helpful insights of Lisa Bailey.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dew-Reeves, S.E., Michele Athay, M. & Kelley, S.D. Validation and use of the Children’s Hope Scale-Revised PTPB Edition (CHS-PTPB): High Initial Youth Hope and Elevated Baseline Symptomatology Predict Poor Treatment Outcomes. Adm Policy Ment Health 39, 60–70 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0411-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0411-2