Skip to main content
Log in

The Categorical Basis of Dynamical Entropy

  • Published:
Applied Categorical Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many branches of theoretical and applied mathematics require a quantifiable notion of complexity. One such circumstance is a topological dynamical system—which involves a continuous self-map on a metric space. There are many notions of complexity one can assign to the repeated iterations of the map. One of the foundational discoveries of dynamical systems theory is that these have a common limit, known as the topological entropy of the system. We present a category-theoretic view of topological dynamical entropy, which reveals that the common limit is a consequence of the structural assumptions on these notions. One of the key tools developed is that of a qualifying pair of functors, which ensure a limit preserving property in a manner similar to the sandwiching theorem from Real Analysis. It is shown that the diameter and Lebesgue number of open covers of a compact space, form a qualifying pair of functors. The various notions of complexity are expressed as functors, and natural transformations between these functors lead to their joint convergence to the common limit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The research is not dependent on any data, experimental or otherwise. Please contact the author Suddhasattwa Das for any further information.

References

  1. Baez, J.C., Fritz, T.: A Bayesian characterization of relative entropy (2014). arXiv:1402.3067

  2. Baez, J., Fritz, T., Leinster, T.: A characterization of entropy in terms of information loss. Entropy 13(11), 1945–1957 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Burke, M.: A synthetic version of Lie’s second theorem. Appl. Categ. Struct. 26(4), 767–798 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Burr, M., Das, S., Wolf, C., Yang, Y.: Computability of topological pressure on compact shift spaces beyond finite type. Nonlinearity 45, 4250 (2022)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Calcines, J., Paricio, L., Rodríguez, M.: Limit and end functors of dynamical systems via exterior spaces. Bull. Belgian Math. Soc. 20(5), 937–959 (2013)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Climenhaga, V., Thompson, D.J.: Intrinsic ergodicity beyond specification: \(\beta \)-shifts, s-gap shifts, and their factors. Isr. J. Math. 192(2), 785–817 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Delvenne, J.C.: Category theory for autonomous and networked dynamical systems. Entropy 21(3), 302 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Grandis, M.: Categorically algebraic foundations for homotopical algebra. Appl. Categ. Struct. 5(4), 363–413 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Grassberger, P.: Information and complexity measures in dynamical systems. In: Information Dynamics, pp. 15–33. Springer (1991)

  10. Liang, D., Paisley, J.: Landmarking manifolds with Gaussian processes. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 466–474. PMLR (2015)

  11. Lomadze, V.: Time-varying linear dynamical systems. In: Proceedings of A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute, vol. 119, pp. 121–132 (1999)

  12. Long, A., Ferguson, A.: Landmark diffusion maps (l-dmaps): accelerated manifold learning out-of-sample extension. Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 47(1), 190–211 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Mac Lane, S.: Categories for the Working Mathematician, vol. 5. Springer, New York (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Moss, S., Perrone, P.: A category-theoretic proof of the ergodic decomposition theorem. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 1–27 (2022)

  15. Mummert, A.: A variational principle for discontinuous potentials. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 27(2), 583–594 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Myers, D.J.: Double categories of open dynamical systems (2020). arXiv:2005.05956

  17. Ngotiaoco, T.: Compositionality of the Runge–Kutta method (2017). arXiv:1707.02804

  18. Perrone, P., Tholen, W.: Kan extensions are partial colimits. Appl. Categ. Struct. 1–69 (2022)

  19. Pesin, Y., Pitskel, B.: Topological pressure and the variational principle for noncompact sets. Funct. Anal. Appl. 18(4), 307–318 (1984)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Polonsky, A., Johann, P.: Local presentability of certain comma categories. Appl. Categ. Struct. 28(1), 135–142 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Riehl, E.: Categorical Homotopy Theory, vol. 24. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Silva, J., Marques, J., Lemos, J.: Selecting landmark points for sparse manifold learning. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1241–1248 (2006)

  23. Spandl, C.: Computability of topological pressure for sofic shifts with applications in statistical physics. J. UCS 14(6), 876–895 (2008)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Spivak, D.I.: The steady states of coupled dynamical systems compose according to matrix arithmetic (2015). arXiv:1512.00802

  25. Steingartner, W., Radaković, D.: Categorical structures as expressing tool for differential calculus. Open Comput. Sci. 4(3), 96–106 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Street, R.: Categorical and combinatorial aspects of descent theory. Appl. Categ. Struct. 12(5), 537–576 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Suda, T.: A categorical view of Poincaré maps and suspension flows. Dyn. Syst. 37(1), 159–179 (2022)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Vallée, R.: Information entropy and state observation of a dynamical system. In: International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, pp. 403–405. Springer (1987)

  29. Walters, P.: A variational principle for the pressure of continuous transformations. Am. J. Math. 97(4), 937–971 (1975)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Walters, P.: An Introduction to Ergodic Theory, vol. 79. Springer, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Winter, M.: Arrow categories. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 160(20), 2893–2909 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding was obtained for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

The sole author Suddhasattwa Das was responsible for all the research and in the preparation of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suddhasattwa Das.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There are financial or non-financial interests in competition with our work.

Additional information

Communicated by Nicola Gambino.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Das, S. The Categorical Basis of Dynamical Entropy. Appl Categor Struct 32, 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10485-024-09763-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10485-024-09763-2

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation