Abstract
The low power and narrow speed range remain bottlenecks that constrain the application of small-scale wind energy harvesting. This paper proposes a simple, low-cost, and reliable method to address these critical issues. A galloping energy harvester with the cooperative mode of vibration and collision (GEH-VC) is presented. A pair of curved boundaries attached with functional materials are introduced, which not only improve the performance of the vibration energy harvesting system, but also convert more mechanical energy into electrical energy during collision. The beam deforms and the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) generates electricity during the flow-induced vibration. In addition, the beam contacts and separates from the boundaries, and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) generates electricity during the collision. In order to reduce the influence of the boundaries on the aerodynamic performance and the feasibility of increasing the working area of the TENG, a vertical structure is designed. When the wind speed is high, the curved boundaries maintain a stable amplitude of the vibration system and increase the frequency of the vibration system, thereby avoiding damage to the piezoelectric sheet and improving the electromechanical conversion efficiency, and the TENG works with the PEH to generate electricity. Since the boundaries can protect the PEH at high wind speeds, its stiffness can be designed to be low to start working at low wind speeds. The electromechanical coupling dynamic model is established according to the GEH-VC operating principle and is verified experimentally. The results show that the GEH-VC has a wide range of operating wind speeds, and the average power can be increased by 180% compared with the traditional galloping PEH. The GEH-VC prototype is demonstrated to power a commercial temperature sensor. This study provides a novel perspective on the design of hybrid electromechanical conversion mechanisms, that is, to combine and collaborate based on their respective characteristics.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
ZOU, H. X., ZHAO, L. C., GAO, Q. H., ZUO, L., LIU, F. R., TAN, T., WEI, K. X., and ZHANG, W. M. Mechanical modulations for enhancing energy harvesting: principles, methods and applications. Applied Energy, 255, 113871 (2019)
WANG, D., HAO, Z., CHEN, F., and CHEN, Y. Nonlinear energy harvesting with dual resonant zones based on rotating system. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 42(2), 275–290 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-021-2698-8
YANG, K., SU, K., WANG, J., WANG, J., YIN, K., and LITAK, G. Piezoelectric wind energy harvesting subjected to the conjunction of vortex-induced vibration and galloping: comprehensive parametric study and optimization. Smart Materials and Structures, 29, 75035 (2020)
DUAN, X. J., CAO, D. X., LI, X. G., and SHEN, Y. J. Design and dynamic analysis of integrated architecture for vibration energy harvesting including piezoelectric frame and mechanical amplifier. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition) 42(6), 755–770 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-021-2741-8
LI, D. S., GUO, T., LI, R. N., YANG, C., CHENG, Z. X., LI, Y., and HU, W. R. A nonlinear model for aerodynamic configuration of wake behind horizontal-axis wind turbine. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 40(9), 1313–1326 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-019-2536-9
ZHAO, L. C., ZOU, H. X., YAN, G., LIU, F. R., TAN, T., WEI, K. X., and ZHANG, W. M. Magnetic coupling and flextensional amplification mechanisms for high-robustness ambient wind energy harvesting. Energy Conversion and Management, 201, 112166 (2019)
HAJHOSSEINI, M. and RAFEEYAN, M. Modeling and analysis of piezoelectric beam with periodically variable cross-sections for vibration energy harvesting. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 37(8), 1053–1066 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-016-2117-8
LAI, Z., WANG, S., ZHU, L., ZHANG, G., WANG, J., YANG, K., and YURCHENKO, D. A hybrid piezo-dielectric wind energy harvester for high-performance vortex-induced vibration energy harvesting. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 150, 107212 (2021)
ZHAO, L. C., ZOU, H. X., YAN, G., LIU, F. R., TAN, T., ZHANG, W. M., PENG, Z. K., and MENG, G. A water-proof magnetically coupled piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid wind energy harvester. Applied Energy, 239, 735–746 (2019)
ZENG, Q., WU, Y., TANG, Q., LIU, W., WU, J., ZHANG, Y., YIN, G., YANG, H., YUAN, S., TAN, D., HU, C., and WANG, X. A high-efficient breeze energy harvester utilizing a full-packaged triboelectric nanogenerator based on flow-induced vibration. Nano Energy, 70, 104524 (2020)
WANG, J., GENG, L., DING, L., ZHU, H., and YURCHENKO, D. The state-of-the-art review on energy harvesting from flow-induced vibrations. Applied Energy, 267, 114902 (2020)
ZHOU, Z., QIN, W., ZHU, P., and SHANG, S. Scavenging wind energy by a Y-shaped bi-stable energy harvester with curved wings. Energy, 153, 400–412 (2018)
SHI, M., HOLMES, A. S., and YEATMAN, E. M. Piezoelectric wind velocity sensor based on the variation of galloping frequency with drag force. Applied Physics Letters, 116, 264101 (2020)
ZHOU, C. F., ZOU, H. X., WEI, K. X., and LIU, J. G. Enhanced performance of piezoelectric wind energy harvester by a curved plate. Smart Materials and Structures, 28, 125022 (2019)
WANG, Q., ZOU, H. X., ZHAO, L. C., LI, M., WEI, K. X., HUANG, L. P., and ZHANG, W. M. A synergetic hybrid mechanism of piezoelectric and triboelectric for galloping wind energy harvesting. Applied Physics Letters, 117, 043902 (2020)
HARVEY, T. S., KHOVANOV, I. A., and DENISSENKO, P. A galloping energy harvester with flow attachment. Applied Physics Letters, 114, 104103 (2019)
LIU, Y. and HU, C. Triboelectric nanogenerators based on elastic electrodes. Nanoscale, 12, 20118–20130 (2020)
WANG, J., DING, W., PAN, L., WU, C., YU, H., YANG, L., LIAO, R., and WANG, Z. L. Self-powered wind sensor system for detecting wind speed and direction based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. ACS Nano, 12, 3954–3963 (2018)
CHEN, S., GAO, C., TANG, W., ZHU, H., HAN, Y., JIANG, Q., LI, T., CAO, X., and WANG, Z. L. Self-powered cleaning of air pollution by wind driven triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano Energy, 14, 217–225 (2015)
LIU, S., LI, X., WANG, Y., YANG, Y., MENG, L., CHENG, T., and WANG, Z. L. Magnetic switch structured triboelectric nanogenerator for continuous and regular harvesting of wind energy. Nano Energy, 83, 105851 (2021)
GUO, Y., CHEN, Y., MA, J., ZHU, H., CAO, X., WANG, N., and WANG, Z. L. Harvesting wind energy: a hybridized design of pinwheel by coupling triboelectrification and electromagnetic induction effects. Nano Energy, 60, 641–648 (2019)
ZHAO, J., MU, J., CUI, H., HE, W., ZHANG, L., HE, J., GAO, X., LI, Z., HOU, X., and CHOU, X. Hybridized triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator for wind energy harvesting to realize real-time power supply of sensor nodes. Advanced Materials Technologies, 6, 2001022 (2021)
LU, P., PANG, H., REN, J., FENG, Y., AN, J., LIANG, X., JIANG, T., and WANG, Z. L. Swing-structured triboelectric-electromagnetic hybridized nanogenerator for breeze wind energy harvesting. Advanced Materials Technologies, 6, 2100496 (2021)
RAHMAN, M. T., SALAUDDIN, M., MAHARJAN, P., RASEL, M. S., CHO, H., and PARK, J. Y. Natural wind-driven ultra-compact and highly efficient hybridized nanogenerator for self-sustained wireless environmental monitoring system. Nano Energy, 57, 256–268 (2019)
WANG, P., PAN, L., WANG, J., XU, M., DAI, G., ZOU, H., DONG, K., and WANG, Z. L. An ultra-low-friction triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for rotation energy harvesting and self-powered wind speed sensor. ACS Nano, 12, 9433–9440 (2018)
FAN, X., HE, J., MU, J., QIAN, J., ZHANG, N., YANG, C., HOU, X., GENG, W., WANG, X., and CHOU, X. Triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator driven by wind for self-powered wireless transmission in Internet of Things and self-powered wind speed sensor. Nano Energy, 68, 104319 (2019)
SUN, W., DING, Z., QIN, Z., CHU, F., and HAN, Q. Wind energy harvesting based on fluttering double-flag type triboelectric nanogenerators. Nano Energy, 70, 104526 (2020)
WANG, Y., WANG, J., XIAO, X., WANG, S., KIEN, P. T., DONG, J., MI, J., PAN, X., WANG, H., and XU, M. Multi-functional wind barrier based on triboelectric nanogenerator for power generation, self-powered wind speed sensing and highly efficient windshield. Nano Energy, 73, 104736 (2020)
XU, M., WANG, Y. C., ZHANG, S. L., DING, W., CHENG, J., HE, X., ZHANG, P., WANG, Z., PAN, X., and WANG, Z. L. An aeroelastic flutter based triboelectric nanogenerator as a self-powered active wind speed sensor in harsh environment. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 15, 122–129 (2017)
ZHAO, Z., XIONG, P., DU, C., LI, L., JIANG, C., HU, W., and WANG, Z. L. Freestanding flag-type triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting high-altitude wind energy from arbitrary directions. ACS Nano, 10(2), 1780–1787 (2016)
ZHANG, L., MENG, B., XIA, Y., DENG, Z., DAI, H., HAGEDORN, P., PENG, Z., and WANG, L. Galloping triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting under low wind speed. Nano Energy, 70, 104477 (2020)
LIU, F. R., ZHANG, W. M., PENG, Z. K., and MENG, G. Fork-shaped bluff body for enhancing the performance of galloping-based wind energy harvester. Energy, 183(15), 92–105 (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11802091 and 12172127), the Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Program of China (Nos. 2020JJ3019 and 2019RS2044), and the Scientific Research Foundation Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education of China (No. 21A0463)
Supporting information
Supporting information is available online https://link.springer.com/journal/10483/volumes-and-issues/43-7.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Q., Chen, Z., Zhao, L. et al. Enhanced galloping energy harvester with cooperative mode of vibration and collision. Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. 43, 945–958 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-022-2869-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-022-2869-9