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Phylogeny and bioactivity of epiphytic Gram-positive bacteria isolated from three co-occurring antarctic macroalgae

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek volume 111, pages 1543–1555 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Marine macroalgae are emerging as an untapped source of novel microbial diversity and, therefore, of new bioactive secondary metabolites. This study was aimed at assessing the diversity and antimicrobial activity of the culturable Gram-positive bacteria associated with the surface of three co-occurring Antarctic macroalgae. Specimens of Adenocystis utricularis (brown alga), Iridaea cordata (red alga) and Monostroma hariotii (green alga) were collected from the intertidal zone of King George Island, Antarctica. Gram-positive bacteria were investigated by cultivation-based methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and screened for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. Isolates were found to belong to 12 families, with a dominance of Microbacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae. Seventeen genera of Actinobacteria and 2 of Firmicutes were cultured from the three macroalgae, containing 29 phylotypes. Three phylotypes within Actinobacteria were regarded as potentially novel species. Sixteen isolates belonging to the genera Agrococcus, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudonocardia, Sanguibacter, Staphylococcus, Streptomyces and Tessaracoccus exhibited antibiotic activity against at least one of the indicator strains. The bacterial phylotype composition was distinct among the three macroalgae species, suggesting that these macroalgae host species-specific Gram-positive associates. The results highlight the importance of Antarctic macroalgae as a rich source of Gram-positive bacterial diversity and potentially novel species, and a reservoir of bacteria producing biologically active compounds with pharmacological potential.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant of Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH, Grant RT_06-13) and Grant 31470142 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). We also thank the INACH staff at Station Prof. Julio Escudero for logistic support. We are also grateful to Dr Ivan Gómez and his group (Project Anillo ART1101) for its valuable support during the fieldwork.

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  1. Universidad Tecnológica de Chile INACAP, Avenida René Soriano 2382, Osorno, Chile

    Pamela Alvarado

  2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Ying Huang & Jian Wang

  3. Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Ignacio Garrido

  4. Instituto de Bioquímica & Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile

    Sergio Leiva

  5. Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile

    Ignacio Garrido

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Alvarado, P., Huang, Y., Wang, J. et al. Phylogeny and bioactivity of epiphytic Gram-positive bacteria isolated from three co-occurring antarctic macroalgae. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111, 1543–1555 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1044-6

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Keywords

  • Microbiome
  • Culturable
  • Culturomics
  • Streptomycetaceae
  • Pseudonocardiaceae
  • Nocardiaceae