Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The sightseeing bus schedule optimization under Park and Ride System in tourist attractions

  • OR in Transportation
  • Published:
Annals of Operations Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a sightseeing bus schedule optimization method for Park and Ride System in tourist attractions. The optimization method can provide a high-quality tourism experience by decreasing passenger waiting time. The optimization method consists of two fundamental steps. First, modal split for self-drive tourists is proposed based on a logit function. Then, the sightseeing bus schedule considering dynamic passenger demand is designed based on the sightseeing bus time-expanded network. The numerical results show that the sightseeing bus schedule optimization method can decrease passenger waiting time efficiently and can be applied to more realistic tourism attractions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Batabyal, A. A. (2009). Scheduling trips during the slack season: An aspect of the economics of seasonal tourism. Tourism Economics, 15(1), 261–266.

  • Batabyal, A. A., & Beladi, H. (2011). Transport provision to tourists by a cost minimizing firm: A stochastic characterization. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 4(2), 103–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bos, I., Molin, E., Timmermans, H., & van der Heijden, R. (2003). Cognition and relative importance underlying consumer valuation of park-and-ride facilities. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1835, 121–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Z., Xia, J. C., Irawan, B., & Caulfied, C. (2014). Development of location-based services for recommending departure stations to park and ride users. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 48, 256–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Q., Su, B., & Tan, J. (2013). Developing an evaluation index system for low-carbon tourist attractions in China—A case study examining the Xixi wetland. Tourism Management, 36, 314–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Cea, J., & Fernández, E. (1993). Transit assignment for congested public transport systems: An equilibrium model. Transportation Science, 27(2), 133–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dessouky, M., Rahimi, M., & Weidner, M. (2003). Jointly optimizing cost, service, and environmental performance in demand-responsive transit scheduling. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 8(6), 433–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, J. E., & Dickinson, J. A. (2006). Local transport and social representations: Challenging the assumptions for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(2), 192–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, J. E., Ghali, K., Cherrett, T., Speed, C., Davies, N., & Norgate, S. (2014). Tourism and the smartphone app: Capabilities, emerging practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(1), 84–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dijk, M., de Haes, J., & Montalvo, C. (2013). Park-and-Ride motivations and air quality norms in Europe. Journal of Transport Geography, 30, 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, M., & Christensen, R. K. (2013). An analysis of park-and-ride provision at light rail stations across the US. Transport Policy, 25, 148–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farhan, B., & Murray, A. T. (2008). Siting park-and-ride facilities using a multi-objective spatial optimization model. Computers & Operations Research, 35(2), 445–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent systems in tourism: A social science perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 757–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guiver, J., Lumsdon, L., Weston, R., & Ferguson, M. (2007). Do buses help meet tourism objectives? The contribution and potential of scheduled buses in rural destination areas. Transport Policy, 14(4), 275–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdouch, Y., Ho, H. W., Sumalee, A., & Wang, G. (2011). Schedule-based transit assignment model with vehicle capacity and seat availability. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 45(10), 1805–1830.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamid, N. A. (2009). Utilization patterns of park and ride facilities among Kuala Lumpur commuters. Transportation, 36(3), 295–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, M. Y., Özyilmaz, B., Zhang, Y., & Kim, P. (2007). Energy band-gap engineering of graphene nanoribbons. Physical Review Letters, 98(20), 206805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasuike, T., Katagiri, H., Tsubaki, H., & Tsuda, H. (2013). Interactive multi-objective route planning for sightseeing on time-expanded Networks under various conditions. Procedia Computer Science, 22, 221–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, S., & Outwater, M. (1998). Demand forecasting model for park-and-ride lots in King County, Washington. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1623, 80–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holguı’n-Veras, J., Yushimito, W. F., Aros-Vera, F., & Reilly, J. J. (2012). User rationality and optimal park-and-ride location under potential demand maximization. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 46(8), 949–970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, M. W., & Grubesic, T. H. (2001). A GIS-based planning approach to locating urban rail terminals. Transportation, 28(1), 55–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hounsell, N., Shrestha, B., & Piao, J. (2011). Enhancing park and ride with access control: A case study of Southampton. Transport Policy, 18(1), 194–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jomnonkwao, S., & Ratanavaraha, V. (2016). Measurement modelling of the perceived service quality of a sightseeing bus service: An application of hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. Transport Policy, 45, 240–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandampully, J. (2000). The impact of demand fluctuation on the quality of service: A tourism industry example. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 10(1), 10–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khakbaz, A., Nookabadi, A. S., & Shetab-bushehri, S. N. (2013). A model for locating park-and-ride facilities on Urban networks based on maximizing flow capture: A case study of Isfahan, Iran. Networks and Spatial Economics, 13(1), 43–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, N., Mellouli, T., & Suhl, L. (2006). A time-space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(3), 1616–1627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koo, C., Joun, Y., Han, H., & Chung, N. (2013). The impact of potential travellers’ media cultural experiences. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014 (pp. 579–592). Springer.

  • Liu, Y., & Law, R. (2013). The adoption of smartphone applications by airlines. In Information and communication technologies in tourism (pp. 47–57).

  • Lumsdon, L. M. (2006). Factors affecting the design of tourism bus services. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 748–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lumsdon, L., Downward, P., & Rhoden, S. (2006). Transport for tourism: Can public transport encourage a modal shift in the day visitor market? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(2), 139–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazloumi, E., Mesbah, M., Ceder, A., Moridpour, S., & Currie, G. (2012). Efficient transit schedule design of timing points: A comparison of ant colony and genetic algorithms. Transportation Research Part B Methodological, 46(1), 217–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendes-Moreira, J., Moreira-Matias, L., Gama, J., & Sousa, J. F. D. (2015). Validating the coverage of bus schedules: A machine learning approach. Information Sciences, 293(1), 299–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • No, E., & Kim, J. K. (2014). Determinants of the adoption for travel information on smartphone. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(6), 534–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olaru, D., Smith, B., Xia, J. C., & Lin, T. G. (2014). Travellers’ attitudes towards Park-and-Ride (PnR) and choice of PnR station: Evidence from Perth, Western Australia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 162, 101–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peeters, P., & Dubois, G. (2010). Tourism travel under climate change mitigation constraints. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(3), 447–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Z., Shan, W., Guan, F., & Yu, B. (2016). Stable vessel-cargo matching in dry bulk shipping market with price game mechanism. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 95, 76–94.

  • Ryan, C. (1997). The tourist experience: A new introduction. London: Cassell plc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seetanah, B., & Khadaroo, J. (2009). An analysis of the relationship between transport capital and tourism development in a dynamic framework. Tourism Economics, 15(4), 785–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sollohub, D. (2006). A multidisciplinary approach toward improving bus schedule readability. Journal of Public Transportation, 9(4), 61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, J., Peng, Z., Shan, X., Chen, W., & Zeng, X. Q. (2011). Development of web-based transit trip-planning system based on service-oriented architecture. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2217(2217), 87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong, C. O., Wong, S. C., Poon, M. H., & Tan, M. C. (2001). A schedule-based dynamic transit network model—Recent advances and prospective future research. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 35(2), 175–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. Y., Yang, H., & Lindsey, R. (2004). Modelling park-and-ride service in a linear monocentric city. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 8(1), 74–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Li, X. R., Zhen, F., & Zhang, J. (2016). How smart is your tourist attraction? Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach. Tourism Management, 54, 309–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, P. (2010). Park and ride behaviors for non-local private car travelers in big events. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 10(5), 188–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, S., & Chen, H. L. (2002). A scheduling model and a solution algorithm for inter-city bus carriers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 36(9), 805–825.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao, B., Cao, Q., Wang, Z., Hu, P., Zhang, M., & Yu, B. (2016a). Two-stage heuristic algorithm for the school bus routing problem with mixed load plan. Transportation Letters: The International Journal of Transportation Research, 8(4), 205–219.

  • Yao, B., Chen, C., Cao, Q., Jin, L., Zhang, M., Zhu, H., et al. (2016b). Short-term traffic speed prediction for an urban corridor. Computer-Aided Civil And Infrastructure Engineering. doi:10.1111/mice.12221.

  • Yao, B. Z., Hu, P., Lu, X. H., Gao, J. J., & Zhang, M. H. (2014). Transit network design based on travel time reliability. Transportation Research Part C, 43, 233–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, B. Z., Yu, B., Hu, P., Gao, J. J., & Zhang, M. H. (2016c). An improved particle swarm optimization for carton heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with a collection depot. Annals of Operations Research, 242(2), 303–320.

  • Yasin, M., Alavi, J., Sobral, F., & Lisboa, J. (2003). Realities, threats and opportunities facing the Portuguese tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(4), 221–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, B., Kong, L., Sun, Y., Yao, B., & Gao, Z. (2015a). A bi-level programming for bus lane network design. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 55, 310–327.

  • Yu, B., Wang, K. M., Wang, C., & Yao, B. Z. (2015b). Ship scheduling problems in tramp shipping under uncertain demand. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, accept.

  • Yu, B., Song, X., Guan, F., Yang, Z., & Yao, B. (2016a). k-Nearest Neighbor Model for Multiple-Time-Step Prediction of Short-Term Traffic Condition. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 142(6), 04016018.

  • Yu, B., Zhang, L., Guan, F., Peng, Z. X., & Yao, B. Z. (2016b). Equity based congestion pricing considering the constraint of alternative path. Operational Research. doi:10.1007/s12351-016-0228-y.

  • Zhang, X., Yang, H., & Huang, H. J. (2011). Improving travel efficiency by parking permits distribution and trading. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 45(7), 1018–1034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported in National Natural Science Foundation of China 71571026, Higher Education Development Fund (for Collaborative Innovation Center) of Liaoning Province, China (20110116401), Higher Education Development Fund (for Collaborative Innovation Center) of Liaoning Province, China (20110116401).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center for Transport Studies, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People’s Republic of China

    L. Zhang

  2. Transportation Management College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People’s Republic of China

    L. Zhang

  3. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China

    Y. P. Wang & B. Yu

  4. School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China

    J. Sun

Authors
  1. L. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. P. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Yu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, L., Wang, Y.P., Sun, J. et al. The sightseeing bus schedule optimization under Park and Ride System in tourist attractions. Ann Oper Res 273, 587–605 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-016-2364-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-016-2364-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation