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Analysis of the Genomic Distance Between Bat Coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Multiple Origins of COVID-19

Acta Mathematica Scientia volume 41, pages 1017–1022 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 was discovered on December 31, 2019 in China. Subsequently, many COVID-19 cases were reported in many other countries. However, some positive COVID-19 samples had been reported earlier than those officially accepted by health authorities in other countries, such as France and Italy. Thus, it is of great importance to determine the place where SARS-CoV-2 was first transmitted to human. To this end, we analyze genomes of SARS-CoV-2 using k-mer natural vector method and compare the similarities of global SARS-CoV-2 genomes by a new natural metric. Because it is commonly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 is originated from bat coronavirus RaTG13, we only need to determine which SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence has the closest distance to bat coronavirus RaTG13 under our natural metric. From our analysis, SARS-CoV-2 most likely has already existed in other countries such as France, India, Netherland, England and United States before the outbreak at Wuhan, China.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the researchers worldwide who sequenced and shared the complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses from GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Shaojun Pei & Stephen S.-T. Yau

  2. Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Beijing, 101408, China

    Stephen S.-T. Yau

Authors
  1. Shaojun Pei
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  2. Stephen S.-T. Yau
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen S.-T. Yau.

Additional information

This work was supported by Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund (2020Z99CFY044), Tsinghua University start-up fund, and Tsinghua University Education Foundation fund (042202008).

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Pei, S., Yau, S.ST. Analysis of the Genomic Distance Between Bat Coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Multiple Origins of COVID-19. Acta Math Sci 41, 1017–1022 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10473-021-0323-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10473-021-0323-x

Key words

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • multiple origins of COVID-19
  • mathematical genomic distance
  • k-mer natural vector

2010 MR Subject Classification

  • 92-08