Skip to main content
Log in

Current-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator using current controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a new current-mode quadrature oscillator and universal filter that employs two current controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can be realized either as a quadrature oscillator or as a universal filter without changing circuit topology. In case the circuit works as a quadrature oscillator, the condition and the frequency of oscillation can be independently and electronically controlled. Four-phase quadrature current outputs and two-phase quadrature voltage outputs can also be obtained. In case the circuit works as a universal filter, low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filtering functions can be obtained simultaneously by appropriately selecting the input and output signals. The natural frequency and the quality factor of filter can also be obtained independently and electronically. PSPICE simulation results are used to verify the workability of the new topology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nishio, Y. (2017). Oscillator circuits frontiers in design, analysis and applications. The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

  2. Horng, J.-W., Hou, C.-L., Chang, C.-M., Chung, W.-U., Tang, H.-W., Wen, Y.-H. (2005). Quadrature oscillators using CCIIs. In: International journal of electronics, (vol. 92, pp. 21–31).

  3. Minhaj, N. (2007). Current conveyor-based voltage mode two-phase and four-phase quadrature oscillators. International Journal of Electronics, 94, 663–669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kumngern, M., Knobnob, K., Dejhan, K. (2009). Single-resistance-controlled current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator. In Proceedings of ECTI international conference on electrical engineering/electronics, computer, telecommunications and information technology, Thailand, (pp. 1–4).

  5. Maheshwari, S., & Khan, I. A. (2005). Current controlled third order quadrature oscillator. IEE Proceeding of Circuits Devices and Systems, 152, 605–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Summart, S., Thongsopa, C., & Jaikla, W. (2014). CCCIIs-based sinusoidal quadrature oscillators with non-interactive control of condition and frequency. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 52, 277–283.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Thitimahatthanagusol, P., Saetiaw, C., Thosdeekoraphat, T., Thongsopa, C., Summart, S. (2017) CCCIIs-based first-order all-pass filter and quadrature oscillators. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 26, 1750094.

  8. Prommee, P., & Dejhan, K. (2002). An integrable electronic-controlled quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using CMOS operational transcon-ductance amplifier. International Journal of Electronics, 89, 365–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumngern, M., Dejhan, K. (2009). OTAs-based current-mode quadrature oscillator. In Proceedings of international symposium on intelligent signal processing and communications systems, Thailand, (pp. 1–4).

  10. Sotner, R., Jerabek, J., Herencsar, N., Vrba, K., & Dostal, T. (2015). Features of multi-loop structures with OTAs and adjustable current amplifier for second-order multiphase/quadrature oscillators. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 69, 814–822.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tangsirat, W., & Surakampontorn, W. (2009). Single-resistance-controlled quadrature oscillator and universal biquad filter using CFOAs. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 63, 1080–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen, H.-P., Hsieh, M. Y., Lin, C.-C., Huang, W.-Y. (2015). CFOA-based quadrature oscillator employing qrounded capacitors. In IEICE electronics express, vol. 12, pp. 1–8.

  13. Keskin, A. U., Aydin, C., Hancioglu, E., & Acar, C. (2006). Quadrature oscillator using current differencing buffered amplifiers (CDBA). Frequenz, 60, 21–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Biolek, D., Lahiri, A., Jaikla, W., Siripruchyanun, M., & Bajer, J. (2011). Realization of electronically tunable voltage-mode/current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using ZC-CG-CDBA. Microelectronics Journal, 42, 1116–1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Khateb, F., Jaikla, W., Kubanek, D., & Khatib, N. (2013). Electronically tunable voltage-mode quadrature oscillator based on high performance CCCDBA. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 74, 499–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Arora, T. S., & Gupta, S. (2018). A new voltage mode quadrature oscillator using grounded capacitors: An application of CDBA. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 21, 43–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sotner, R., Jerabek, J., Prokop, R., & Vrba, K. (2011). Current gain controlled CCTA and its application in quadrature oscillator and direct frequency modulator. Radioengineering, 20, 317–326.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tanaphatsiri, C., Jaikla, W. (2011). Electronically tunable four phase quadrature oscillator employing current-controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifiers. In 2011 Sixth IEEE international symposium on electronic design, test and application, New Zealand, 2011, (pp. 89–92).

  19. Lam, H. Y. F. (1979). Analog and digital filters: Design and realization. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Alexander, C. K., & Sadiku, M. N. O. (2004). Fundamental of electric circuits. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Schaumann, R., Ghausi, M. S., & Laker, K. R. (1990). Design of analog filter: passive, active RC and switched capacitor. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Horng, J.-W., Hou, C.-L., Chang, C.-M., Chiu, W.-Y., & Liu, C.-C. (2009). Current-mode universal biquadratic filter with five inputs and two outputs using two multi-output CCIIs. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 28, 781–792.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang, C., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Q., & Du, S. (2009). A new current mode SIMO-type universal biquad employing multi-output current conveyors (MOCCIIs). Radioengineering, 18, 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Horng, J.-W. (2011). High output impedance current-mode universal biquadratic filters with five inputs using multi-output CCIIs. Microelectronics Journal, 42, 693–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tangsrirat, W. (2007). Current-tunable current-mode multifunction filter based on dual-output current-controlled conveyors. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 61, 528–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Minaei, S., & Yuce, E. (2007). Current-mode active-C filter employing reduced number of CCCII + s. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 16, 507–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang, C., Liu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2008). A new current-mode current-controlled universal filter based on CCCII (±). Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 27, 673–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kumngern, M., Jongchanavawat, W., & Dejhan, K. (2010). New electronically tunable current-mode universal biquad filter using translinear current conveyors. International Journal of Electronics, 97, 511–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Abuelma’atti, M. T., & Bentrcia, A. (2005). A novel mixed-mode OTA-C universal filter. International Journal of Electronics, 92, 375–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kumngern, M., Knobnob, B., & Dejhan, K. (2010). Electronically tunable high-input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter based on simple CMOS OTAs. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 64, 934–939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kumngern, M., Suksaibu, P., Khateb, F. (2019). Four-input one-output voltage-mode universal filter using simple OTAs. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 28, 1950078.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Senani, R., & Gupta, S. S. (1997). Universal voltage-mode/current-mode biquad filter realised with current feedback op-amps. Frequenz, 51, 203–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Abuelma’atti, M. T., & Al-Zaher, H. A. (1998). New universal filter with one input and five outputs using current-feedback amplifiers. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 16, 239–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sharma, R. K., & Senani, R. (2004). On the realization of universal current mode biquads using single CFOA. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 41, 65–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Keskin, A. U., & Hancioglu, E. (2005). Current mode multifunction filter using two CDBAs. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 59, 495–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Maheshwari, S., & Khan, I. A. (2005). Novel voltage-mode universal filter using only two CDBAs. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 14, 159–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Tangsrirat, W., & Surakampontorn, W. (2005). Realization of multiple-output biquadratic filters using current differencing buffered amplifiers. International Journal of Electronics, 92, 313–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kumngern, M., Torteanchai, U., Sarsitthithum, K. (2011). Current-tunable current-mode multifunction filter employing a modified CCCCTA. In Proceedings of 7th IEEe conference on industrial electronics and applications, Singapore, (pp. 1794–1797).

  39. Nonthaputha, T., & Kumngern, M. (2017). Programmable universal filters using current conveyor transconductance amplifiers. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 26, 1750121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Biolek, D. (2003). CDTA-building block for current-mode analog signal processing. In Proceedings of the ECCTD’03, III, Poland, 2003, (pp. 397–400).

  41. Keskin, A. U., & Biolek, D. (2006). Current-mode quadrature oscillator using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTA). IEE Proceedings-Circuits, Devices and Systems, 153, 214–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Jaikla, W., Siripruchyanun, M., Bajer, J., & Biolek, D. (2008). A simple current-mode quadrature oscillator using CDTA. Radioengineering, 17, 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Tangsrirat, W., Prasertsom, D., Piyatat, T., & Surakampontorn, W. (2008). Single resistance-controlled quadrature oscillator using current differencing buffered amplifer. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 95, 1119–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Shah, N. A., Quadri, M., & Iqbal, S. Z. (2007). CDTA based universal transadmittance filter. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 52, 65–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Siripruchyanun, M., & Jaikla, W. (2008). Electronically controllable current-mode universal biquad filter using single DO-CCCDTA. Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing, 27, 113–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Prasad, D., Bhaskar, D. R., & Singh, A. K. (2009). Universal current-mode biquad filter using dual output current differencing transconductance amplifier. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 63, 497–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Gharpurey, R., & Meyer, R. G. (1996). Modeling and analysis of substrate coupling in integrated circuits. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 31, 344–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Herencsar, N., Koton, J., Vrba, K., & Lattenberg, I. (2011). Current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA) –a useful building block for analog signal processing. Journal of Active & Passive Electronic Devices, 6, 217–229.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Herencsar, N., Vrba, K., Koton, J., & Lahiri, A. (2010). Realisations of single-resistance-controlled quadrature oscillators using a generalised current follower transconductance amplifier and a unity-gain voltage-follower. International Journal of Electronics, 97, 897–906.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Maneewan, S., Sreewirote, B., Jaikla, W. (2011). A current-mode quadrature oscillator using a minimum number of active and passive components. In Proceedings of 2011 IEEE international conference on vehicular electronics and safety, China, (pp. 312–315).

  51. Kumngern, M., Lamun, P., Junnapiya, S. (2014). CFTA-based electroniccally tunable quadrature sinusoidal oscillator. In Proceedings of 2014 international electrical engineering congress, Bangnkok, (pp. 1–4).

  52. Phatsornsiri, P., Lamun, P. (2015). Tunable current-mode quadrature oscillator using CFTAs and grounded capacitors. In Proceedings of 12th international conference on electrical engineering/electronics, computer, telecommunications and information technology, Thailand, (pp. 1–4).

  53. Herencsar, N., Koton, J., Vrba, K., Lattenberg, I. (2008). Novel SIMO type current-mode universal filter using CFTAs and CMIs. In Proceedings of 31st international conference on telecommunications and signal processing, Hungary, (pp. 107–110).

  54. Sotner, R., Petrzela, J., Slezak, J. (2009). Current mode tunable KHN filter based on controlled MO-CFTAs. In Proceedings of 3rd international conference on signals, circuits and systems, Tunisia, (pp. 1–4).

  55. Herencsar, N., Koton, J., Vrba, K. (2010). Realization of current-mode KHN-Equivalent biquad using current follower transconductance amplifiers (CFTAs). In: IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences, vol. E93-A, (pp. 1816–1819).

  56. Sirirat, J., Prasertsom, D., Tangsrirat, W. (2010). High-output-impedance current-mode electronically tunable universal filter using single CFTA. In Proceedings of 10th international symposium on communications and information technologies (ISCIT), Japan, (pp. 200–203).

  57. Tangsrirat, W. (2011). Single-input three-output electronically tunable universal current-mode filter using current follower transconductance amplifiers. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 65, 783–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Jaikla, W., Lawanwisut, S., Siripruchyanun, M., Prommee, P. (2012). A four-inputs single-output current-mode biquad filter using a minimum number of active and passive components. In Proceedings of 35th international conference on telecommunications and signal processing, Czech Republic, (pp. 378–381).

  59. Nie, X., & Pan, Z. (2013). Multiple-input single-output low-input and high-output impedance current-mode biquadratic filter employing five modified CFTAs and only two grounded capacitors. Microelectronics Journal, 44, 802–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Singh, S. V., Tomar, R. S, Chauhan, D. S. (2014). Current tunable current-mode TISO biquad filter consisting of two MCFTAs and minimum number of grounded capacitors. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks, India, (pp. 555–560).

  61. Kumari, S., & Gupta, M. (2017). Design and analysis of high transconductance current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA) and its applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 93, 489–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Mongkolwai, P., Pukkalanun, T., & Tangsrirat, W. (2017). Three-input single-output current-mode biquadratic filter with high-output impedance using a single current follower transconductance amplifier. AENG International Journal of Computer Science, 44, 383–387.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Biolek, D., Senani, R., Biolkova, V., & Kolka, Z. (2008). Active elements for analog signal processing: classification, review, and new proposals. Radioengineering, 17, 15–32.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Herencsar, N., Koton, J., Vrba, K, Lahiri, A. (2010). Novel mixed-mode KHN-equivalent filter using Z-copy CFTAs and grounded capacitors. In Proceedings of international conference on circuits, systems and signals, (pp. 87–90).

  65. Satansup, J., & Tangsrirat, W. (2011). Realization of current-mode KHN-equivalent biquad filter using ZC-CFTAs and grounded capacitors. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 49, 841–846.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Satansup, J., & Tangsrirat, W. (2012). Single-input five-output electronically tunable current-mode biquad consisting of only ZC-CFTAs and grounded capacitors. Radioengineering, 20, 650–655.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Singh, B., Singh, A. K., & Senani, R. (2012). New universal current-mode biquad using only three ZC-CFTAs. Radioengineering, 21, 273–280.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Herencsar, N. , Koton, J., Vrba, K. (2009). Electronically tunable phase shifter employing current-controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers (CCCFTAs). In Proceedings of 32nd international conference on telecommunications and signal processing, Hungary, (pp. 54–57).

  69. Kumngern, M., Torteanchai, U. (2012) A current-mode four-phase third-order quadrature oscillator using a MCCCFTA. In Proceedings of 2012 IEEE international conference on cyber technology in automation, control, and intelligent systems, Thailand, (pp. 156–159).

  70. Khaw-ngam, K., Lamun, P., Kumngern, M., Phasukkit, P., Dejhan, K. (2012). Current-mode four-phase quadrature oscillator using a MCCCCTA and grounded capacitors. In Procdeedins of 9th international conference on electrical engineering/electronics, computer, telecommunications and information technology, Bangkok, (pp. 1–4).

  71. Srisakultiew, S., Siripruchyanun, M., Jaikla, W. (2013). Single-resistance-controlled current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using single CCCFTA with grounded elements. In Proceedings of 36th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing, Italy, (pp. 436–439).

  72. Lamun, P., Kumngern, M., Torteanchai, U., Sarsitthithum, K. (2013). Tunable current-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using cccftas and grounded capacitors. In Proceeding of 2013 4th international conference on intelligent systems, modelling and simulation, Thailand, (pp. 665–668).

  73. Kumngern, M. (2012). Electronically tunable current-mode universal biquadratic filter using a single CCCFTA. In: Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems, Korea, (pp. 1175–1178).

  74. Mekhum, W., & Jaikla, W. (2013). Resistorless cascadable current-mode filter using CCCFTAs. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 11, 501–506.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lawanwisut, S., Comedang, T., Siripruchyanun, M. (2013). An active-only electronically controllable current-mode multifunction filter using CCCFTAs. In Proceedings of 36th international conference on telecommunications and signal processing, Italy, (pp. 422–426).

  76. Siripruchyanun, M., & Jaikla, W. (2009). Cascadable current-mode biquad filter and quadrature oscillator using DO-CCCIIs and OTA. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 28, 99–110.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  77. Jaikla, W., Siripruchyanun, M., & Lahiri, A. (2011). Resistorless dual-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using a single active building block. Microelectronics Journal, 42, 135–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Jin, J., & Wang, C. (2014). Current-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator using CDTAs. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 22, 276–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Li, Y. A. (2014). Electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic filter and four-phase quadrature oscillator. Microelectronics Journal, 45, 330–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Chen, H.-P., Hwang, Y.-S., Ku, Y.-T., Wang, S.-F., & Wu, C.-H. (2016). Voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator using CFAs. IEICE Electronics Express, 13, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Tuntrakoon, S., Kumngern, M., Sotner, R., Herencsar, N., Suwanjan, P., & Jaikla, W. (2017). High input impedance voltage-mode universal filter and its modification as quadrature oscillator using VDDDAs. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 55, 324–332.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kumngern, M., Wareechol, E., & Phasukkit, P. (2018). Quadrature oscillator and universal filter based on translinear current conveyors. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 94, 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Bhusan, M., & Newcomb, R. W. (1967). Grounding of capacitors in integrated circuits. Electronics Letters, 3, 148–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Research described in this paper was in part financed by the national sustainability program under Grant LO1401. For the research, infrastructure of the SIX center was used.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Montree Kumngern.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumngern, M., Khateb, F. Current-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator using current controlled current follower transconductance amplifiers. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 100, 235–248 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-018-1345-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-018-1345-8

Keywords

Navigation