Abstract
Youth mentoring programs are in the limelight. Over three million young people have a Big Brother, a Big Sister, or a similar adult volunteer involved in their lives–a sixfold increase from just a decade ago–and generous federal funding continues to fuel new initiatives. This expansion speaks volumes about the faith our society places in one-on-one relationships between vulnerable young people and caring adults. But what do we know about the effectiveness of this intervention strategy? A better understanding of the research evidence for youth mentoring, including findings from reviews, evaluations, and meta-analyses, provides a basis for a more informed, practically applicable approach to strengthening youth mentoring interventions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Although there are no easy conventions for determining practical importance, Cohen’s (1988) standards for interpreting effect sizes are as follows: an effect size value of .20 is a commonly used benchmark for a “small” effect, .50 for a “medium” effect, and .80 for a “large” effect.
References
Aseltine, R. H., Dupre, M., & Lamlein, P. (2000). Mentoring as a drug prevention strategy: An evaluation of across ages. Adolescent and Family Health, 1, 11–20.
Blechman, E. A., Maurice, A., Buecker, B., & Helberg, C. (2000). Can mentoring or skill training reduce recidivism? Observational study with propensity analysis. Prevention Science, 1, 139–155.
Boaz, A., & Pawson, R. (2005). The perilous road from evidence to policy: Five journeys compared. Journal of Social Policy, 34, 175–194.
Brady, B., Dolan, P., O’Brien, M., & Canavan, J. (2005). Big Brothers Big Sisters Ireland youth mentoring programme: Evaluation report. Galway Child & Family Research & Policy Unit.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Colley, H. (2003). Mentoring for social inclusion: A critical approach to nurturing mentoring relationships. London, UK: RoutledgeFalmer.
Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook for research synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
DeWit, D. J., Lipman, E., Manzano-Munguia, M., Bisanz, J., Graham, K., Offord, D. R., O’Neill, E., Pepler, D., & Shaver, K. (2006). Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial for evaluating the effectiveness of the Big Brothers Big Sisters community match program at the national level. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 383–404.
DuBois, D. L., & Neville, H. A. (1997). Youth mentoring: Investigation of relationship characteristics and perceived benefits. Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 227–234.
DuBois, D. L., Holloway, B. E., Valentine, J. C., & Cooper, H. (2002a). Effectiveness of mentoring programs: A meta-analytical review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 157–197.
DuBois, D. L., Neville, H. A., Parra, G. R., & Pugh-Lilly, A. O. (2002b). Testing a new model of mentoring. New Directions for Youth Development, 93, 21–57.
Durlak, J. A., & Wells, A. M. (1997). Primary prevention mental health programs for children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 115–152.
Eby, L. T., Allen, T. D., Evans, S. C., Ng, T. W. H., & DuBois, D. (in press). Does mentoring matter? A multidisciplinary meta-analysis comparing mentored and non-mentored individuals. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Grossman, J. B., & Rhodes, J. E. (2002). The test of time: Predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring relationships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 199–219.
Grossman, J. B., & Tierney, J. P. (1998). Does mentoring work? An impact study of the Big Brothers Big Sisters program. Evaluation Review, 22, 403–426.
Hall, J. C. (2003). Mentoring and young people: A literature review. The SCRE Centre: University of Glasgow.
Hansen, K. (2007). One-to-one mentoring: Literature review. Philadelphia: Big Brothers Big Sisters of America.
Herrera, C., Grossman, J. B., Kauh, T. J., Feldman, A. F., & McMaken, J. (with Jucovy, L. Z.). (2007). Making a difference in schools: The big brothers big sisters school-based mentoring impact study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
Jekielek, S., Moore, K. A., & Hair, E. C. (2002). Mentoring programs and youth development. Washington, DC: Child Trends.
Jolliffe, D., & Farington, D. P. (2007). A rapid evidence assessment of the impact of mentoring on re-offending: A summary. Cambridge University: Home Office Online Report 11/07. Retrieved May 8, 2007, from http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/workingoffenders/workingoffenders069.htm.
Karcher, M. J. (2005). The effects of developmental mentoring and high school mentors’ attendance on their younger mentees’ self-esteem, social skills, and connectedness. Psychology in the Schools, 42, 65–77.
Keating, L. M., Tomashina, M. A., Foster, S., & Allesandri, M. (2002). The effects of a mentoring program on at-risk youth. Adolescence, 37, 717–734.
Liabo, K., & Lucas, P. (2006). One-to-one mentoring programmes and problem behaviour in adolescence. What Works for Children Group: Evidence Nugget. Economic & Social Research Council.
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
LoScuito, L., Rajala, A., Townsend, T. N., & Taylor, A. S. (1996). An outcome evaluation of across ages: An intergenerational mentoring approach to drug prevention. Journal of Adolescent Research, 11, 116–129.
Morrow, K. V., & Styles, M. B. (1995). Building relationships with youth in program settings: A study of Big Brothers/Big Sisters. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
Pawson, R. (2006). Digging for nuggets: How ‘bad’ research can yield ‘good’ evidence. International Journal of Research Methodology, 9, 127–142.
Phillip, K., & Spratt, J. (2007). A synthesis of published research on mentoring and befriending for The Mentoring and Befriending Foundation. University of Aberdeen: The Rowan Group.
Rhodes, J., & DuBois, D. (2006). Understanding and facilitating the youth mentoring movement. Social Policy Report, XX, 3–19.
Roberts, H., Liabo, K., Lucas, P., DuBois, D., & Sheldon, T. A. (2004). Mentoring to reduce antisocial behaviour in childhood. British Medical Journal, 328, 512–514.
Sipe, C. L. (2002). Mentoring programs for adolescents: A research summary. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 251–260.
Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. L. (2002). Youth sports as a behavior setting for psychosocial interventions. In J. L. Van Raalte & B. W. Brewer (Eds.), Exploring sport and exercise psychology (2nd ed. pp. 341–371). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Tolan, P., Henry, D., Shoeny, M., & Bass, A. (2005). What we know about what mentoring can and might do for youth crime. Presented at The Fifth Annual Jerry Lee Crime Prevention Symposium: Systematic Evidence on What Works in Crime and Justice: Raising Questions and Presenting Findings, May 3, 2005.
Weissberg, R. P., Caplan, M., & Sivo, P. J. (1989). A new conceptual framework for establishing school-based social competence promotion programs. In L. A. Bond & B. E. Compas (Eds.), Primary prevention and promotion in the schools (pp. 255–296). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Weisz, J., Donenberg, G., Han, S., & Weiss, B. (1995). Bridging the gap between lab and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 688–701.
Weisz, J. R., Sandler, I. N., Durlak, J. A., & Anton, B. S. (2005). Promoting and protecting youth mental health through evidence-based prevention and treatment. American Psychologist, 60, 628–648.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rhodes, J.E. Improving Youth Mentoring Interventions Through Research-based Practice. Am J Community Psychol 41, 35–42 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9153-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9153-9