Abstract
In various applications of regression analysis, in addition to errors in the dependent observations also errors in the predictor variables play a substantial role and need to be incorporated in the statistical modeling process. In this paper we consider a nonparametric measurement error model of Berkson type with fixed design regressors and centered random errors, which is in contrast to much existing work in which the predictors are taken as random observations with random noise. Based on an estimator that takes the error in the predictor into account and on a suitable Gaussian approximation, we derive finite sample bounds on the coverage error of uniform confidence bands, where we circumvent the use of extreme-value theory and rather rely on recent results on anti-concentration of Gaussian processes. In a simulation study we investigate the performance of the uniform confidence sets for finite samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler, R. J., Taylor, J. E. (2007). Random Fields and Geometry. New York: Springer.
Anderson, T. W. (1984). Estimating linear statistical relationships. The Annals of Statistics, 12(1), 1–45.
Berkson, J. (1950). Are there two regressions? Journal of the American Statistical Association, 45, 164–180.
Bickel, P. J., Rosenblatt, M. (1973). On some global measures of the deviations of density function estimates. The Annals of Statistics, 1, 1071–1095.
Birke, M., Bissantz, N., Holzmann, H. (2010). Confidence bands for inverse regression models. Inverse Problems, 26, 115020.
Carroll, R. J., Ruppert, D., Stefanski, L. A., Crainiceanu, C. M. (2006). Measurement error in nonlinear models. A modern perspective., volume 105 of Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Carroll, R. J., Delaigle, A., Hall, P. (2007). Non-parametric regression estimation from data contaminated by a mixture of Berkson and classical errors. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. Statistical Methodology, 69, 859–878.
Chernozhukov, V., Chetverikov, D., Kato, K. (2014). Anti-concentration and honest adaptive confidence bands. The Annals of Statistics, 42, 1564–1597.
Delaigle, A., Hall, P. (2011). Estimation of observation-error variance in errors-in-variables regression. Statistica Sinica, 21, 103–1063.
Delaigle, A., Hall, P., Qiu, P. (2006). Nonparametric methods for solving the Berkson errors-in-variables proble. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. Statistical Methodology, 68, 201–220.
Delaigle, A., Hall, P., Meister, A. (2008). On deconvolution with repeated measurements. The Annals of Statistics, 36(2), 665–685.
Delaigle, A., Hall, P., Jamshidi, F. (2015). Confidence bands in non-parametric errors-in-variables regression. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. Statistical Methodology, 77, 149–169.
Eubank, R. L., Speckman, P. L. (1993). Confidence bands in nonparametric regression. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 88, 1287–1301.
Fan, J., Truong, Y. K. (1993). Nonparametric regression with errors in variables. The Annals of Statistics, 21, 1900–1925.
Folland, G. B. (1984). Real analysis—Modern techniques and their applications. New York: Wiley.
Fuller, W. A. (1987). Measurement error models. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics: Probability and Mathematical Statistics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Giné, E., Nickl, R. (2010). Confidence bands in density estimation. The Annals of Statistics, 38(2), 1122–1170.
Hall, P. (1992). Effect of bias estimation on coverage accuracy of bootstrap confidence intervals for a probability density. The Annals of Statistics, 20, 675–694.
Kato, K., Sasaki, Y. (2018). Uniform confidence bands in deconvolution with unknown error distribution. Journal of Econometrics, 207(1), 129–161.
Kato, K., Sasaki, Y. (2019). Uniform confidence bands for nonparametric errors-in-variables regression. Journal of Econometrics, 213(2), 516–555.
Koul, H. L., Song, W. (2008). Regression model checking with Berkson measurement errors. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 138, 1615–1628.
Koul, H. L., Song, W. (2009). Minimum distance regression model checking with Berkson measurement errors. The Annals of Statistics, 37, 132–156.
Meister, A. (2010). Nonparametric Berkson regression under normal measurement error and bounded design. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 101, 1179–1189.
Neumann, M. H., Polzehl, J. (1998). Simultaneous bootstrap confidence bands in nonparametric regression. Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, 9, 307–333.
Proksch, K., Bissantz, N., Dette, H. (2015). Confidence bands for multivariate and time dependent inverse regression models. Bernoulli, 21, 144–175.
Sakhanenko, A. I. (1991). On the accuracy of normal approximation in the invariance principle. Siberian Advances in Mathematics, 1, 58–91.
Schennach, S. M. (2013). Regressions with Berkson errors in covariates—A nonparametric approach. The Annals of Statistics, 41, 1642–1668.
Schmidt-Hieber, J., Munk, A., Dümbgen, L., et al. (2013). Multiscale methods for shape constraints in deconvolution: Confidence statements for qualitative features. The Annals of Statistics, 41(3), 1299–1328.
Stefanski, L. A. (1985). The effects of measurement error on parameter estimation. Biometrika, 72(3), 583–592.
van der Vaart, A., Wellner, J. (1996). Weak convergence and empirical processes. With applications to statistics. New York: Springer.
van Es, B., Gugushvili, S. (2008). Weak convergence of the supremum distance for supersmooth kernel deconvolution. Statistics and Probability Letters, 78(17), 2932–2938.
Wang, L. (2004). Estimation of nonlinear models with Berkson measurement errors. The Annals of Statistics, 32, 2559–2579.
Wang, L., Brown, L. D., Cai, T. T., Levine, M. (2008). Effect of mean on variance function estimation in nonparametric regression. The Annals of Statistics, 36(2), 646–664.
Wu, C.-F.J. (1986). Jackknife, bootstrap and other resampling methods in regression analysis. The Annals of Statistics, 14(4), 1261–1295.
Yang, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Pati, D. (2017). Frequentist coverage and sup-norm convergence rate in gaussian process regression. arXiv:1708.04753.
Yano, K., Kato, K. (2020). On frequentist coverage errors of Bayesian credible sets in moderately high dimensions. Bernoulli, 26(1), 616–641.
Acknowledgements
HH gratefully acknowledges financial support form the DFG, Grant Ho 3260/5-1. NB acknowledges support by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung through the project “MED4D: Dynamic medical imaging: Modeling and analysis of medical data for improved diagnosis, supervision and drug development”. KP gratefully acknowledges financial support by the DFG through subproject A07 of CRC 755.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
About this article
Cite this article
Proksch, K., Bissantz, N. & Holzmann, H. Simultaneous inference for Berkson errors-in-variables regression under fixed design. Ann Inst Stat Math 74, 773–800 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-021-00817-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10463-021-00817-z