A comprehensive review of AI methods in upper extremity/limb bone fracture detection

Table 16 Overview of methods for detecting hand bone fractures

Authors	Fracture type	Image type	Method	# images	Patient demographic
Üreten et al. (2020)	NA	Radiography	CNN (VGG-16, GoogLeNet, and ResNet-50)	802	Over 20 years old
Xue et al. (2021)	NA	X-ray	GA_Faster R-CNN, FPN	3067	NA
Wang et al. (2022)	Hairline	X-ray	GAN for preprocessing and WrisNet for detection	4346	NA