Abstract
Social events and stressful settings can be catalysts for alcohol consumption. Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are widely used in alcohol interventions. We assessed how alcohol consumption varied across three types of days (positive/social, negative/stressful, and neutral) among hazardous alcohol users living with HIV in Vietnam. We further evaluated how those consumption patterns changed after two MET/CBT alcohol reduction interventions versus the standard of care (SOC). The ‘combined’ intervention offered 6 individual sessions and 3 group sessions; the ‘brief’ intervention offered 2 individual sessions and 2 phone calls. A 30-day timeline follow-back was administered at study visits, detailing daily drinks and events. Days were categorized as neutral, positive/social, or negative/stressful; negative binomial models and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate drinks consumed by type of day at baseline and 12 months. Prior to intervention, more drinks were consumed on positive/social days (5.2 drinks; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:4.8, 5.7) than negative/stressful (1.5; 95% CI:1.3, 1.9) and neutral days (2.2; 95% CI: 1.9, 2.5). After the brief intervention, drinks consumed decreased on neutral days (ratio: 0.5: 95% CI: 0.4, 0.7). After the combined intervention, drinks consumed decreased on neutral days (ratio: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.6), positive/social days (ratio: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.7) and negative/stressful days (ratio: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6). No reductions in consumption were observed in the SOC group. Social/positive days had the highest alcohol consumption prior to intervention, and the combined intervention showed the greatest decrease in consumption on those days.
Clinical Trial Registration
The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02720237).
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Thai Nguyen Center for Disease Control for their support, as well as the study staff in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, for their hard work. We would also like to thank the study participants for their time, effort, and engagement with this study.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse at the National Institutes of Health [R01 DA037440 to VFG] and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health [P30 AI050410 to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill].
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Chen, J.S., Hutton, H.E., Tran, H.V. et al. Efficacy of Two Evidence-Based Alcohol Consumption Interventions on Positive, Negative, and Neutral Days Among Hazardous Alcohol Users Living with HIV in Vietnam. AIDS Behav 28, 421–428 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04234-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04234-6