Abstract
Metabolic disease is increasing in people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa, but little is known about self-perceptions of body size, health, and nutritional behavior in this population. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of individual-level data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. This survey measured HIV serostatus and body mass index (BMI). We categorized participants into six BMI groups: 18.5–22 kg/m2, 22–25 kg/m2, 25–27.5 kg/m2, 27.5–30 kg/m2, 30–35 kg/m2, and ≥ 35 kg/m2 and stratified them by HIV serostatus. Our outcomes were self-reported (1) body size and (2) health status among all participants, and intake of (3) chips and (4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in PWH. We described these metrics and used multivariable regression to evaluate the relationship between the nutritional behaviors and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in PWH only, adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, and household wealth quintile. Of 6138 participants, 1163 (19.7%) were PWH. Among PWH, < 10% with a BMI 25–30 kg/m2, < 20% with a BMI 30–35 kg/m2 and < 50% with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 self-reported as overweight or obese. PWH reported being in poor health at higher rates than those without HIV at each BMI category except ≥ 35 kg/m2. In adjusted models, SSB consumption was associated with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (1.13 [1.01–1.25], t-statistic = 2.14, p = 0.033) in PWH. Perceptions of body size may challenge efforts to prevent weight gain in PWH in South Africa. SSB intake reduction should be further explored as a modifiable risk factor for obesity.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank both the survey teams and participants in the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey.
Funding
This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH/NIDDK) grant K23DK125162 (PI: Manne-Goehler).
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The 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the SAMRC Ethics Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board.
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Informed consent was conducted per the survey’s procedures. This analysis of the secondary deidentified survey data was exempt from additional ethical clearance.
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Manne-Goehler, J., Rahim, N., van Empel, E. et al. Perceptions of Health, Body Size, and Nutritional Risk Factors for Obesity in People with HIV in South Africa. AIDS Behav 28, 367–375 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04152-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04152-7