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Longitudinal Trends in Sexual Behaviors Without a Condom Among Sexual Minority Youth: The P18 Cohort Study

Abstract

Given the heightened risk for HIV and other STIs among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) as well as the racial/ethnic disparities in HIV/STI risk, an understanding of longitudinal trends in sexual behaviors is warranted as YMSM emerge into adulthood. Drawing from an ongoing prospective cohort study, the present analysis employed latent growth curve modeling to examine trends in distinct types of sexual activity without condoms over time in sample of YMSM and examine differences by race/ethnicity and perceived familial socioeconomic status (SES). Overall, White and Mixed race YMSM reported more instances of oral sex without condoms as compared to other racial/ethnic groups with rates of decline over time noted in Black YMSM. White YMSM also reported more receptive and insertive anal sex acts without a condom than Black YMSM. Declines over time in both types of anal sex acts without condoms among Black men were noted when compared to White men, while increases over time were noted for mixed race YMSM for condomless insertive anal sex. The effects for race/ethnicity were attenuated with the inclusion of perceived familial SES in these models. These findings build on previous cross sectional studies showing less frequent sex without condoms among Black YMSM despite higher rates of HIV incidence in emerging adulthood, as well as the importance of considering economic conditions in such models. Efforts to understand racial/ethnic disparities in HIV/STIs among YMSM must move beyond examination of individual-level sexual behaviors and consider both race/ethnicity and socioeconomic conditions in order to evaluate how these factors shape the sexual behaviors of YMSM.

Resumen

Dado el alto riesgo de contracción de VIH y otras infecciones de transmision sexual (ITS) entre hombres jóvenes que tienen sexo con hombres (HJSH), así como las disparidades raciales/étnicas en el riesgo de VIH/ITS, una mejor comprensión de las tendencias longitudinales en los comportamientos sexuales es necesaria para los HJSH que emergen a la edad adulta. A partir de un estudio de cohorte aún en curso, el presente análisis empleó un modelo curvo de crecimiento latente para examinar las tendencias de los distintos tipos de actividad sexual sin condón a través del tiempo en una muestra de HJSH, examinando diferencias entre razas/orígenes étnicos y situación económica. En general, HJSH Blancos y de raza Mixta reportaron más casos de sexo oral sin condón en comparación con otros grupos raciales/étnicos, con tasas de disminución en el tiempo para HJSH Negros. HJSH Blancos también reportaron más actos sexuales anales pasivos y activos sin condón que los HJSH Negros. Disminuciones a través del tiempo en ambos tipos de actos sexuales anales sin condón fueron observadas en hombres negros en comparación con hombres blancos; y un aumento a través del tiempo en los reportes de sexo anal activo sin condón fue observado para hombres de raza Mixta. Los efectos de raza/origen étnico fueron atenuados cuando la situación económica de las familias fueron incluidas en los modelos. Estos resultados refuerzan previos estudios transversales que muestran menor frecuencia de sexo sin condón entre HJSH Negros, a pesar de presentar tasas más altas de VIH; y resaltan la importancia de considerar condiciones económicas en dichos modelos. Esfuerzos para comprender las disparidades raciales/étnicas en VIH/ITS entre HJSH deben ir más allá de de los comportamientos sexuales a niveles individuales, y deben considerar tanto la raza/origen étnico como las condiciones socioeconómicas de las familias, para evaluar cómo estos factores dan forma a los comportamientos sexuales de los HJSH.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Contract #R01DA025537.

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Correspondence to Farzana Kapadia.

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Kapadia, F., Bub, K., Barton, S. et al. Longitudinal Trends in Sexual Behaviors Without a Condom Among Sexual Minority Youth: The P18 Cohort Study. AIDS Behav 19, 2152–2161 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1175-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1175-y

Keywords

  • Sexual activity
  • Young men who have sex with men
  • Racial/ethnic disparities