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The Association of HIV-Related Stigma to HIV Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of the Literature

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Abstract

This paper provides a review of the quantitative literature on HIV-related stigma and medication adherence, including: (1) synthesis of the empirical evidence linking stigma to adherence, (2) examination of proposed causal mechanisms of the stigma and adherence relationship, and (3) methodological critique and guidance for future research. We reviewed 38 studies reporting either cross-sectional or prospective analyses of the association of HIV-related stigma to medication adherence since the introduction of antiretroviral therapies (ART). Although there is substantial empirical evidence linking stigma to adherence difficulties, few studies provided data on psychosocial mechanisms that may account for this relationship. Proposed mechanisms include: (a) enhanced vulnerability to mental health difficulties, (b) reduction in self-efficacy, and (c) concerns about inadvertent disclosure of HIV status. Future research should strive to assess the multiple domains of stigma, use standardized measures of adherence, and include prospective analyses to test mediating variables.

Resumen

Este artículo ofrece una revisión de la literatura cuantitativa sobre el estigma relacionado con el VIH y la adherencia a la medicación, incluyendo: (1) la síntesis de la evidencia empírica que une el estigma a la adhesión, (2) el examen de los mecanismos causales propuestas de la relación estigma y la adhesión, y (3) crítica metodológica y orientación para futuras investigaciones. Se revisaron 38 estudios que informaron los análisis bien transversales o potenciales de la asociación de estigma relacionado con el VIH a adherencia a la medicación desde la introducción de los tratamientos antirretrovirales (TAR). Aunque no existe evidencia empírica sustancial que une el estigma a la adherencia dificultades, pocos estudios proporcionaron datos sobre los mecanismos psicosociales que pueden explicar esta relación. Los mecanismos propuestos incluyen: (a) la vulnerabilidad mejorado para problemas de salud mental, (b) la reducción de la autoeficacia, y, (c) las preocupaciones sobre la divulgación inadvertida de la condición de VIH. Las investigaciones futuras deberían esforzarse por evaluar los múltiples dominios de estigma, utilizar medidas estandarizadas de la adhesión, e incluyen análisis prospectivos para evaluar variables mediadoras.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244-2340, USA

    Shannon M. Sweeney & Peter A. Vanable

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Sweeney, S.M., Vanable, P.A. The Association of HIV-Related Stigma to HIV Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of the Literature. AIDS Behav 20, 29–50 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1164-1

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