Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Men Who have Sex with Men: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Estimated HIV/AIDS Prevalence at the State and County Level, Florida

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
AIDS and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Population-based HIV/AIDS prevalence estimates among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been unavailable, but have implications for effective prevention efforts. Prevalent (living) Florida HIV/AIDS cases reported through 2006 (numerators) were stratified by race/ethnicity and HIV exposure category. Based on previous research, MSM populations were posited as 4–10% of all males aged ≥13 years in each subgroup (denominators). At the estimated lower and upper plausible bounds, respectively, HIV/AIDS prevalence per 100,000 MSM was significantly higher among black (8,292.6–20,731.4); Hispanic (5,599.5–13,998.7); and Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian or multi-racial (4,942.6–12,356.8) MSM than among white MSM (3,444.9–8,612.3). HIV/AIDS prevalence among all MSM was 13.8–36.9 times that among all other males. Across 19 high-morbidity counties, MSM HIV/AIDS prevalence was highest among those in the most populous counties and highest among blacks. This methodology, adaptable by other states, facilitates calculation of plausible MSM HIV/AIDS prevalence to guide HIV prevention/care community planners and MSM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Archibald, C. P., Jayaraman, G. C., Major, C., Patrick, D. M., Houston, S. M., & Sutherland, D. (2001). Estimating the size of hard-to-reach populations: A novel method using HIV testing data compared to other methods. AIDS (London, England), 15(Suppl), S41–S48. doi:10.1097/00002030-200104003-00006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asthana, S., & Oostvogels, R. (2001). The social construction of male ‘homosexuality’ in India: Implications for HIV transmission and prevention. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 707–721. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00167-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binson, D., Michaels, S., Stall, R., Gagnon, J., Coates, T., & Catania, J. (1995). Prevalence and social distribution of men who have sex with men: United States and its urban centers. Journal of Sex Research, 32, 245–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, D., Gates, G., Sanders, S., & Taylor, L. (2000). Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in the United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources. Demography, 37, 139–154. doi:10.2307/2648117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, H. M. (1972). Social statistics (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catania, J. A., Osmond, D., Stall, R. D., Pollack, L., Paul, J. P., Blower, S., et al. (2001). The continuing epidemic among men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 907–914.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2001). HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project: Compendium of HIV prevention interventions with evidence of effectiveness. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/reports/hiv_compendium/pdf/HIVcompendium.pdf. Accessed 26 October 2007.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003a). Sexual behavior and selected health measures: Men and women 15–44 years of age, United States, 2002. Advance Data, 362, 1–56.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003b). Adult HIV/AIDS Confidential Case Report. Form CDC 50.42A, rev. 01/2003:1.

  • Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2003c). Incorporating HIV prevention into the medical care of persons living with HIV. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(No. RR-6), 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2005). HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men—five U.S. cities, June 2004–April 2005. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54, 597–601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2008). Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas, 2006. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 18, 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciesielski, C. A. (2003). Sexually transmitted diseases in men who have sex with men: An epidemiologic review. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 5, 145–152. doi:10.1007/s11908-003-0051-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dube, E., & Savin-Williams, R. (1999). Sexual identity development among ethnic sexual-minority male youths. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1389–1398. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.6.1389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, S. R., Tempalski, B., Cooper, H., Perlis, T., Keem, M., Friedman, R., et al. (2004). Estimating numbers of injecting drug users in metropolitan areas for structural analyses of community vulnerability and for assessing relative degrees of service provision for injecting drug users. Journal of Urban Health, 81, 377–400. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth125.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glynn, M., & Rhodes, P. (2005). Estimated HIV prevalence in the US at the end of 2003 [abstract 595]. Presented at: National HIV Prevention Conference, June 13, 2005, Atlanta, GA.

  • González-López, G. (2006). Heterosexual fronteras: Immigrant Mexicanos, sexual vulnerabilities, and survival. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 3, 67–81. doi:10.1525/srsp.2006.3.3.67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, T. A. (1998). Using surveillance data to monitor trends in the AIDS epidemic. Statistics in Medicine, 17, 143–154. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980130)17:2<143::AID-SIM757>3.0.CO;2-Y.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, S. D. (1996). The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large US metropolitan areas. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 642–654.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, H. W., Valdiserri, R. O., & DeCock, K. M. (2007). The reemerging HIV/AIDS epidemic in men who have sex with men. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 2412–2414. doi:10.1001/jama.298.20.2412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janus, S., & Janus, C. (1993). The Janus report on sexual behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, H. A., & Sempos, C. T. (1989). Statistical methods in epidemiology (p. 62). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S. (1999). Through a window darkly: Men who sell sex to men in India and Bangladesh. In Men Who Sell Sex: International Perspectives on Male Prostitution and HIV/AIDS (pp. 195–210) Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

  • Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). In The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chapter 8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  • Lieb, S., Friedman, S. R., Zeni, M. B., Chitwood, D. D., Liberti, T. M., Gates, G. J., et al. (2004). An HIV prevalence-based model for estimating risk populations of injection drug users and men who have sex with men. Journal of Urban Health, 81, 401–415. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth126.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb, S., Trepka, M. J., Thompson, D. R., Arons, P., Liberti, T. M., Maddox, L., et al. (2007). Men who have sex with men: Estimated population sizes and mortality rates, by race/ethnicity, Miami-Dade County, Florida. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46, 485–490.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb, S., Trepka, M. J., Liberti, T. M., Cohen, L., & Romero, J. (2006). HIV/AIDS patients who move to urban Florida counties following a diagnosis of HIV: Predictors and implications for HIV prevention. Journal of Urban Health, 83, 1158–1167. doi:10.1007/s11524-006-9128-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mays, V., Cochran, S., & Zamudio, A. (2004). HIV prevention research: Are we meeting the needs of African American men who have sex with men? The Journal of Black Psychology, 30, 78–105. doi:10.1177/0095798403260265.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McFarland, W., & Caceres, C. F. (2001). HIV surveillance among men who have sex with men. AIDS (London, England), 15(Suppl), S23–S32. doi:10.1097/00002030-200104003-00004.

    Google Scholar 

  • McQuillan, G. M., & Kruszon-Moran, D. (2007). HIV infection in the United States household population aged 18–49 years: Results from 1999 to 2006. NCHS data brief no. 4. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db04.pdf. Accessed January 30, 2008.

  • Nyblade, L. C. (2006). Measuring HIV stigma: Existing knowledge and gaps. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 11, 335–345. doi:10.1080/13548500600595178

  • Pathela, P., Hajat, A., Schillinger, J., Blank, S., Sell, R., & Mostashari, F. (2006). Discordance between sexual behavior and self-reported sexual identity: A population-based survey of New York City men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145, 416–425.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pisani, E. (2003). Estimating the size of populations at risk for HIV: Issues and methods. A joint UNAIDS/IMPACT/Family Health International workshop: Report and conclusions. May 2002. Updated July 2003. Available at http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/guide/popsizecontent.htm. Accessed October 26, 2007.

  • Szasz, I. (1998). Masculine identity and the meanings of sexuality: A review of research in Mexico. Reproductive Health Matters, 6, 97–104. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(98)90012-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomas, A. (1993). Chicano men: A cartography of homosexual identity and behavior. In H. Abelove, M. Aina Barale, & D. M. Halperin (Eds.), The lesbian and gay studies reader (pp. 255–273). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau (2002). Census 2000 Urban and Rural Classification. Revised January 25, 2002. Available at http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html. Accessed April 3, 2008.

  • Valleroy, L. A., MacKellar, D. A., Karon, J. M., Rosen, D. H., McFarland, W., Shehan, D. A., et al. (2000). HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men: Young men’s survey study group. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 198–204. doi:10.1001/jama.284.2.198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge John Middaugh, MD, Florida Department of Health, and Mary Beth Zeni, ScD, Florida State University, College of Nursing, for their comments on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florida Department of Health, Bureau of HIV/AIDS, Bin A09, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1715, USA

    Spencer Lieb, Paul Arons, Daniel R. Thompson, Alberto M. Santana, Thomas M. Liberti, Lorene Maddox & Tracina Bush

  2. Skills4, Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA

    Stephen J. Fallon

Authors
  1. Spencer Lieb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paul Arons
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniel R. Thompson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alberto M. Santana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Thomas M. Liberti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lorene Maddox
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Tracina Bush
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Stephen J. Fallon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Spencer Lieb.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lieb, S., Arons, P., Thompson, D.R. et al. Men Who have Sex with Men: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Estimated HIV/AIDS Prevalence at the State and County Level, Florida. AIDS Behav 13, 716–723 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-008-9411-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-008-9411-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation