How many chickens does it take to make an egg? Animal welfare and environmental benefits of replacing eggs with plant foods at the University of California, and beyond

Table 3 Percentage reduction of environmental impacts of eggs vs. egg substitutes

Environmental impact variable	Replacement of
Environmental impact variable	Egg-based mayonnaise by plant-based mayonnaise (%)	Eggs by tofu (%)
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO₂e)	43	53
Blue water (L)	77	70
Reactive nitrogen (g Nr)	98	98
Land use (m²)	63	65