Abstract
Professional identity is believed to foster self-confidence and resilience in health care professionals. While literature exists describing professional identity in medicine, the relevance of this evidence to rehabilitation professionals (occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT) and speech-language pathology (S-LP)) is limited due to differences between professions in decision-making authority (patient care), professional autonomy and understanding of their scope of practice. The objective was to determine the extent, range and nature of the literature on professional identity/professional identity formation in rehabilitation professionals. Findings from the scoping review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework are presented. A search was conducted on MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses from 1996 to October 2020 for empirical and conceptual studies on OT, PT, and S-LP clinicians or students. Of 4983 retrieved records, 53 papers were selected for data extraction. Data were organised into themes for professional identity/professional identity formation: conceptual descriptors (dynamic state, multiple identities); influences (person, professional education/environments, profession-at-large). Findings are consistent with the professional identity literature in medicine. However, they point to gaps for further empirical inquiry in the role of symbols and rituals in the professional identity/professional identity formation of rehabilitation professionals, profession-specific differences between OT, PT and S-LP, and influences related to the profession-at-large on the professional identity/professional identity formation of rehabilitation professionals. These findings may help to inform professional education programs and health care and professional systems in developing resources to support professional identity formation of rehabilitation professionals.
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This study was supported by the Jonathan Campbell Meakins and Family Memorial Fellowship, Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Société et Culture and Max E. Binz Fellowship from McGill University's Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Internal Studentship Award. The funds from these sources allowed us to employ a research assistant and provided salary support for SM and MZ as graduate students.
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Appendix: Search Strategy: Medline (Ovid)—1996 to Present
Appendix: Search Strategy: Medline (Ovid)—1996 to Present
1 | (((professional or group or social) adj3 (identity or identities)) or ((professional or group or social) adj3 identification) or identity formation).ti,ab,kf |
2 | social identification/ |
3 | self concept.ti,ab,kf. or Self Concept/ |
4 | sociali?ation.ti,ab,kf. or Socialization/ |
5 | (role conflict or role conflicts).ti,ab,kf |
6 | role ambiguit*.ti,ab,kf |
7 | (professional role* or professional value* or professional foundation*).ti,ab,kf. or Professional Role/ |
8 | 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 |
9 | (physical therap* or physiotherapy]*).ti,ab,kf |
10 | Physical Therapists/ or physical therapy specialty/ |
11 | occupational therap*.ti,ab,kf. or occupational therapy/ |
12 | (speech therap* or language therap* or speech patholog* or language patholog* or (speech adj2 language patholog*) or (speech adj2 language therap*)).ti,ab,kf |
13 | Speech-Language Pathology/ |
14 | Allied Health Occupations/ |
15 | Students, Health Occupations/ |
16 | allied health.ti,ab,kf |
17 | 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 |
18 | 8 and 17 |
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Mak, S., Hunt, M., Boruff, J. et al. Exploring professional identity in rehabilitation professions: a scoping review. Adv in Health Sci Educ 27, 793–815 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10103-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10103-z