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Growth, flowering and fruiting of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess) O. Berg intercropped with green manure species in Agroforestry Systems

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Abstract

Besides enabling economic activity, the domestication of indigenous species in situ configures a strategy for the conservation of genetic resources in Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), as well as an ecological restoration strategy. Successful productivity and restoration through AFSs require active intervention with agroecological practices, e.g., the use of green manure. We evaluated how planting different green manure species in consortium with Guavira influences its reproductive period, growth, and productivity in different spatial arrangements. Guavira, Campomanesia adamantium, is a shrub that is native to the Brazilian Savannah and has fruticulture potential. To evaluate growth, we measured plant height and canopy cover and to evaluate fruit yield, we monitored reproductive phenology among different treatments. Guavira grows better in less dense areas with Crotalaria breviflora and Cajanus cajan rather than with Canavalia ensiformis. In all inter-row spacing of Guavira and green manure species, the reproductive phases were highly seasonal, with flowering and fruiting lasting for 2 and 4 months, respectively. Guavira plants that grew in consortium with green manure in different inter-row spacing presented different flowering times, but this difference was not reflected in fruit production. Fruiting and growth appear to be affected by inter-row spacing, as well as by the species used in the consortium. Thus, these variables must be considered carefully when implementing an agroforestry system.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank CAPES for the scholarship granted to the first author, the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul and Centro de Pesquisa da Agência de Desenvolvimento Agrário e Extensão Rural (CEPAER). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance code 001. LKR, FLGB, PTAO, DAMP, COM, TMRS, and PSS were financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES) and the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório Ecologia da Intervenção (LEI), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva, s/no, Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande, MS, 79.070-900, Brazil

    Evânia Xavier Gondim, Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira, Letícia Koutchin Reis, Angélica Guerra, Mariana Abrahão & Letícia Couto Garcia

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva, s/no, Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande, MS, 79.070-900, Brazil

    Evânia Xavier Gondim, Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira, Letícia Koutchin Reis, Angélica Guerra & Letícia Couto Garcia

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas, s/n - Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38.400-902, Brazil

    Mariana Abrahão

  4. Agência de Desenvolvimento Agrário e Extensão Rural (AGRAER), Rodv. MS 080 km 10, Campo Grande, MS, 79114-000, Brazil

    Ana Cristina Ajalla & Edimilson Volpe

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  1. Evânia Xavier Gondim
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  2. Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira
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  3. Letícia Koutchin Reis
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  4. Angélica Guerra
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  5. Mariana Abrahão
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  6. Ana Cristina Ajalla
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  7. Edimilson Volpe
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  8. Letícia Couto Garcia
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LCG, ACA, and EV contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection EXG and analysis were performed by LKR and BHSF. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EXG and BHSF. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and this manuscript was coordinated by LCG. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Letícia Koutchin Reis or Letícia Couto Garcia.

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Gondim, E.X., dos Santos Ferreira, B.H., Reis, L.K. et al. Growth, flowering and fruiting of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess) O. Berg intercropped with green manure species in Agroforestry Systems. Agroforest Syst 95, 1261–1273 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00533-2

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