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Truffle seedling production method has long-term consequences for tree growth and root colonization

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Abstract

Cultivation of Burgundy black truffles (Tuber aestivum syn. T. uncinatum) in Midwestern agroforestry has the potential to provide important income not only to landowners, but also to the hospitality industry. Economically viable harvest depends upon both successful seedling colonization by the truffle fungus and successful growth of the fungus along with the extending root system. We evaluated an established hybrid oak (Quercus bicolor × Q. robur) truffière 5 and 6 years after planting in May 2005, to evaluate the effects of three seedling production methods on tree growth and root colonization by T. aestivum. Oak seedlings produced using two variations on the RPM© (Root Production Method) substrate grew significantly faster in height and diameter, but were significantly less well colonized by the truffle fungus compared with saplings from seedlings produced by the “Typical” method. We found that 0.7–19.8 % of root tips (mean 5.1 %) sampled from saplings grown from Typical seedlings were colonized by T. aestivum. By 2010, two distinct canopy forms had developed: ‘upright’ versus ‘spreading’. Although root colonization was not related to canopy form, future fruit body production may be influenced by the greater soil shading provided by the spreading canopy form. A comparison of autumn/winter air temperatures in Missouri, USA with European conditions suggests that fruit body production in Missouri will likely be greatest from mid-September through mid-December. Soil pH modification by application of crushed limestone prior to planting was effective in maintaining average pH at 7.16 through 2010, a level consistent with fruit body production.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-62227-9-059 with the ARS. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expresses in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Johann N. Bruhn & Jeanne D. Mihail

  2. Delray Plants Co, 956 Old State Road 8, Venus, FL, 33960, USA

    Grechen E. Pruett

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  1. Johann N. Bruhn
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  2. Jeanne D. Mihail
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  3. Grechen E. Pruett
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Correspondence to Johann N. Bruhn.

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Bruhn, J.N., Mihail, J.D. & Pruett, G.E. Truffle seedling production method has long-term consequences for tree growth and root colonization. Agroforest Syst 87, 679–688 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9588-3

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