Abstract
The Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) can mycorrhize with rockroses (Cistus L.) in Mediterranean forests. These shrubs may be of interest for truffle cultivation as they produce early carpophores, collaborate in tree mycorrhization and in the survival of Tuber melanosporum mycelium. However, there are very few quantitative studies on truffle production associated with Cistus. For this reason, we have carried out a study on the natural production of Tuber melanosporum associated with Cistus laurifolius L. in central Spain. An Anova test confirmed the existence of significant differences in carpophore production in four habitats, with and without the presence of C. laurifolius. Twenty-one burns associated with C. laurifolius showed less significant production than the rest. We also confirmed that in 122 burns, Tuber melanosporum was always unequivocally associated with the root base of Quercus L. or Corylus L. trees. Similarly, five truffle-collectors confirmed that they had never found a single burn with carpophore production associated exclusively with rockroses. It has also been statistically verified that many Cistus die in Tuber melanosporum burns, whereas in old burns with minimum carpophore production, a new colonization of young Cistus has been observed. This study also confirms that C. laurifolius mycorrhizes easily with Tuber melanosporum. We propose that Cistus laurifolius may act as transmitters of Tuber melanosporum, although they do not induce fruiting. Consequently, the commercial cultivation of Cistus laurifolius mycorrhized with Tuber melanosporum for production is not recommended in truffle culture. The results reported substantiate the negative observations in cultivations of T. melanosporum with other Cistus species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bencivenga M (1982) Alcune metodiche di micorrizazione di piante forestali con il tartufo nero pregiato di Norcia o di Spoleto (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.). Inf Agrario XXXVIII:21155–21163
Callot G (1999) La truffe, la terre, la vie. INRA, Versailles
Callot G, Daignieres Y, Fernández D, Raymond M, Salducci X (1999) Incidences du sol sur la production de truffe noire du Perigord Tuber melanosporum. In: Corvoisier M, Olivier JM, Chevalier G (eds) V Congres International: Science et Culture de la Truffe. Federation Française des trufficulteurs, Aix-en-Provence, pp 257–259
Chevalier G, Mousain D, Couteaudier Y (1975) Associations ectomycorhiziennes entre des Tuberacées et des Cistacées. Ann Phytopathol 7:355–356
Cruz M (1994) El paisaje vegetal de la cuenca del río Henares. Biologia Vegetal. University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares
Di Massimo G, García-Montero LG, Manjón JL, Díez JL (1996) Hongos micorrícicos competidores de Tuber melanosporum Vitt. presentes en ecosistemas naturales y cultivos del centro de España. Bol Soc Micol Madr 21:189–199
FAO (1990) Guideline for soil description. FAO, Roma
Fasolo-Bonfante P, Fontana A, Montacchini F (1971) Studi sull´ecologia del Tuber melanosporum. I. Dimostrazione di un effetto fitotossico. Allionia 17:48–53
García-Montero LG, Di Massimo G, Pascual C, Casermeiro MA, Manjón JL (2005) Habitats of Tuber melanosporum in the central Iberian Peninsula (High Tajo Basin). Mycol Balc 2:197–203
García-Montero LG, Casermeiro MA, Hernando J, Hernando I (2006) Soil factors that influence the fruiting of Tuber melanosporum (black truffle). Aust J Soil Res 44:1–8
García-Montero LG, Casermeiro MA, Hernando I, Hernando J (2007a) Effect of active carbonate, exchangeable calcium and stoniness of soil on Tuber melanosporum carpophore production. New Zeal J Crop Hort 35, (in press)
García-Montero LG, Casermeiro MA, Manjón JL, Hernando I (2007b) Impact of active soil carbonate and burn size on the capacity of the rockrose Cistus laurifolius to produce Tuber melanosporum carpophores in truffle culture. Mycol Res (in press)
García-Montero LG, Di Massimo G, García-Abril A, Grande MA (2007c) Suitability of lime trees for Tuber melanosporum culture: mycorrhizae, soil studies, and truffle harvest associated with Tilia platyphyllos and T. x vulgaris. Sydowia 59(1), (in press)
Giovannetti G, Fontana A (1982) Mycorrhizal synthesis between Cistaceae and Tuberaceae. New Phytol 92:533–537
Granetti B (1995) Caratteristiche morfologiche, biometriche e strutturali delle micorrize di Tuber di interesse economico. Micol Ital 2:101–117
Granetti B, De Angelis A, Materozzi G (2005) Umbria terra di tartufi. Regione Umbria, Terni
ISRIC (1995) Procedures for Soil Analysis. FAO, Wageningen
Manjón JL, García Montero LG (1996) Síntesis micorrícica con esporas de Tuber malençonii y otros hongos con aplicación forestal y en la truficultura. Bol Soc Micol Madr 21:397–400
Manna D (1992) Importanza della scelta della specie forestale nell´impianto di tartufaie. Esperienze nel compresorio della comunità montana dello Spoletino. Micol Vegetazione Mediterr 7:233–250
Manna D (1999) Osservazioni sul comportamento delle piante tartufigene in pieno campo. In: Corvoisier M, Olivier JM, Chevalier G (eds) V Congres International: Science et Culture de la Truffe. Federation Francaise des trufficulteurs, Aix-en-Provence, pp 456–459
Minutoli L (1992) Tartufo nero dalle piante di Cistus. Inf Agrario 47:79–80
Montacchini F, Fasolo-Bonfante P, Fontana A (1972) Inibitori naturali della germinazione. Un esempio Tuber melanosporum Vittad. Inf Bot Ital 4:156–159
Montecchi A, Sarasini M (2000) Atlante fotografico di funghi ipogei. Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Vicenza
Pacioni G (1992) El cultivo moderno y rentable de la trufa. De Vecchi, Barcelona
Papa G (1992) Componenti di Tuber melanosporum con attività fitotossica. Micol Vegetazione Mediterr VII:109–110
Plattner I, Hall IR (1995) Parasitism of non-host plants by the mycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum. Mycol Res 99:1367–1370
Ricard JM (2003) La truffe. Guide technique de trufficulture. Centre technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes CTIFL, Paris
Riousset L, Riousset G, Chevalier G, Bardet ME (2001) Truffes d’Europe et de Chine. INRA, Dijon
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Domingo, J.L. Manjón, G. Di Massimo and J. Díaz for their teachings, and Margarita, Luis, J. Álvarez, and P. Díaz for their support and collaboration. The authors especially wish to thank Domingo padre, Abel, Pepe, Jose María and the other truffle collectors, and all the inhabitants and Council of Peralejos de las Truchas for their invaluable contribution to this study. We thank the authorities at the Alto Tajo Nature Reserve. The research dealt with in this article forms part of an agreement signed between the I.T.D.A. and the Instituto Madrileño de Investigaciones Agrarias (I.M.I.A.) entitled “Estudio ecológico y edáfico preliminar de hábitats ibéricos de la trufa negra en relación con el cultivo del I.T.D.A.” and the Project FP-01-41 del I.M.I.A. granted in 2001. We thank Prudence Rowan Brooke-Turner translation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
García-Montero, L.G., Pascual, C., García-Abril, A. et al. Problems of using rockroses in Tuber melanosporum culture: soil and truffle harvest associated with Cistus laurifolius . Agroforest Syst 70, 251–258 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-007-9053-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-007-9053-x