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Angiogenesis in the human heart: Gene and cell therapy

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Abstract

The concept of therapeutic angiogenesis – stimulation of new vessels growth to restore blood supply to ischemic tissue has been studied in a number of clinical trials in patients with advanced coronary and peripheral arterial disease. This review discusses the main biological processes underlying new vessel growth and addresses applications of growth factor and cell therapy based on the stimulation of angiogenesis. While still very young and controversial, cell therapy has an enormous potential that is yet to be explored. Multiple questions remain unanswered including the choice of the best cell type, patient selection and the mechanism of action. Nevertheless, much should be expected in this area in the next decade with the likely emergence of new therapies for treatment of ischemic diseases.

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Abbreviations

AC133:

or CD133 antigen, prominin-like protein 1

Akt:

protein kinase B

Ang:

angiopoientin

BM-MNCs:

bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells

c-Kit:

or CD117, tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor

CMV:

cytomegalovirus

CXC:

α-chemokines

eNOS:

endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EPCs:

endothelial progenitor cells

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

Flk-1:

fetal liver kinase (VEGF receptor 2)

Flt-1:

fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (VEGF receptor 1)

G-CSF:

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GM-CSF:

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

HGF:

hepatocyte growth factor

HIF:

hypoxia inducible factor

HMG-CoA:

3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A

IGF:

insulin-like growth factor

IL:

interleukin

MCP:

monocyte chemotactic protein

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase

PA:

plasminogen activator

NOGA:

non-optical guiding apparatus (cardiac mapping system)

PDGF:

platelet-derived growth factor

PECAM:

platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule

Pfu:

plaque-forming unit

PI3-kinase:

phosphoinositide-3-kinase

PlGF:

placental growth factor

PR39:

proline–arginine rich peptide 39 amino acids

Sca-1:

stem cell antigen-1

SDF:

stromal cell-derived factor

TGF:

transforming growth factor

Tie-1,-2:

receptor tyrosine kinases

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

VE-cadherin:

vascular endothelial cadherin

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

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  1. Angiogenesis Research Center and Section of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA

    Daniela Tirziu & Michael Simons

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  1. Daniela Tirziu
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  2. Michael Simons
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Correspondence to Michael Simons.

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Tirziu, D., Simons, M. Angiogenesis in the human heart: Gene and cell therapy. Angiogenesis 8, 241–251 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-005-9011-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-005-9011-z

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