Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the effects of large wildfires on downstream non-salmonid fish assemblages. Using multi-year (2009–2015) data from fish assemblage surveys and high-frequency water quality monitoring, we analyzed within-site responses of a cypriniform-dominated fish assemblage at two sites located > 20 km downstream of a 633 km2 wildfire in 2011 in the Rio Grande watershed in New Mexico, USA. Season had a weak influence on fish assemblage (fish) catch rate, richness, and evenness at the upstream site, but it had a strong negative influence (during spring/winter) on fish catch rate and richness at the downstream site. Fish species richness and evenness at both sites were not strongly affected by the wildfire, despite numerous post-fire sags in dissolved oxygen (including short-lived hypoxia < 2 mg L−1and anoxia—0 mg L−1) during subsequent monsoon seasons. Although fish catch rate was negatively impacted by the wildfire at the upstream site, it was unaffected at the downstream site. Fish catch rate, richness, and evenness at the upstream site were suppressed following a major flood event that occurred 26 months post-fire, but the downstream fish assemblage was resistant to the flood disturbance. Our study provided a rare opportunity to evaluate how aridland riverine fishes respond to disturbance from wildfire and subsequent flooding. Larger and more severe wildfires are occurring due to climate warming, and responses of water quality and fish community assemblages require study and assessment.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Abatzoglou JT, Williams AP (2016) Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:11770–11775
Adams HD, Luce CH, Breshears DD, Allen CD, Weiler M, Hale VC, Smith AMS, Huxman TE (2012) Ecohydrological consequences of drought- and infestation- triggered tree die-off: insights and hypotheses. Ecohydrology 5:145–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.233
Archdeacon TP (2016) Reduction in spring flow threatens Rio Grande Silvery Minnow: trends in abundance during river intermittency. Trans Am Fish Soc 145:754–765
Archdeacon TP, Remshardt WJ (2012) Observations of Hatchery-Reared Rio Grande Silvery Minnow using a fishway. N Am J Fish Manag 32:648–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.681013
Archdeacon TP, Henderson KR, Austring TJ, Cook RL (2015) Comparison of fish communities at random and nonrandom locations in a sand-bed river. N Am J Fish Manag 35:578–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1023405
Archdeacon TP, Reale JK, Gonzales EJ, Grant J (2020) Effects of seining effort and site length on variability of small-bodied fish catch-rates in a sand-bed river. River Res Appl 36:1588–1597
AuBuchon J, Bui C (2014) Peralta Arroyo eastern terrace flow augmentation:design report. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region, Albuquerque Area Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Barton K (2019) Package: multi-model inference (MuMIn). Version 1.43.6
Bentz BJ, Regniere J, Fettig CJ, Hansen EM, Hayes JL, Hicke JA, Kelsey RG, Negron JF, Seybold SJ (2010) Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects. Bioscience 60:602–613. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.8.6
Bestgen KR, Platania SP (1991) Status and conservation of the Rio Grande Silvery Minnow, Hybognathus amarus. Southwest Nat 36:225–232. https://doi.org/10.2307/3671925
Bisson PA, Rieman BE, Luce C, Hessburg PF, Lee DC, Kershner JL, Reeves GH, Gresswell RE (2003) Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions. For Ecol Manag 178:213–229
Bixby RJ, Cooper SD, Gresswell RE, Brown LE, Dahm CN, Dwire KA (2015) Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: an assessment of the current state of the science. Freshw Sci 34:1340–1350
Blythe TL, Schmidt JC (2018) Estimating the natural flow regime of rivers with long-standing development: the northern branch of the Rio Grande. Water Resour Res 54:1212–1236
Bowen BM (1996) Rainfall and climate variation over a sloping New Mexico plateau during the North American monsoon. J Clim 9:3432–3442. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009%3c3432:racvoa%3e2.0.co;2
Braun CL, Pearson DK, Porter MD, Moring JB (2015) Physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition at site and mesohabitat scales over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011–12, summer 2012. US Geological Survey, Texas Water Science Center, http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5025/pdf/sir2015-5025.pdf
Breshears DD et al (2005) Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:15144–15148. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505734102
Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2003) Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer, New York
Cannon SH, Gartner JE, Wilson RC, Bowers JC, Laber JL (2008) Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California. Geomorphology 96:250–269
Connell JH, Sousa WP (1983) On the evidence needed to judge ecological stability or persistence. Am Nat 121:789–824
Crawford C, Ellis L, Molles M (1996) The Middle Rio Grande bosque: an endangered ecosystem. N Mex J Sci 36:276–299
Dahm CN, Cleverly JR, Coonrod JEA, Thibault JR, McDonnell DE, Gilroy DF (2002) Evapotranspiration at the land/water interface in a semi-arid drainage basin. Freshw Biol 47:831–843. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00917.x
Dahm CN, Van Horn DJ, Reale JK, Candelaria-Ley R, Reale CS (2013) Continuous water quality monitoring of the Rio Grande and Rio Chama. University of New Mexico, Report submitted to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque, NM
Dahm CN, Candelaria-Ley R, Reale CS, Reale JK, Van Horn DJ (2015) Extreme water quality degradation following a catastrophic forest fire. Freshw Biol 34:14261442. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12548
Dudley RK, Platania SP (2007) Flow regulation and fragmentation imperil pelagic-spawning riverine fishes. Ecol Appl 17:2074–2086. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1252.1
Dudley RK, Platania SP, White GC (2016) Rio Grande Silvery Minnow population monitoring program results from February to December 2015. Annual report to the Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program and the US Bureau of Reclamation, Albuquerque, NM. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27029.93923
Dunham JB, Young MK, Gresswell RE, Rieman BE (2003) Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions. For Ecol Manag 178:183–196
Gido KB, Propst DL, Whitney JE, Hedden SC, Turner TF, Pilger TJ (2019) Pockets of resistance: response of arid-land fish communities to climate, hydrology, and wildfire. Freshw Biol 64:761–777
Gochis D et al (2015) The Great Colorado Flood of September 2013. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1461–1487. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00241.1
Gresswell RE (1999) Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of North America. Trans Am Fish Soc 128:193–221. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128%3c0193:faaeif%3e2.0.co;2
Griggs RL, Hem JD (1964) Geology and ground-water resources of the Los Alamos area, New Mexico vol Water supply paper 1753. U.S. Geological Survey
Gupta VK, Waymire E (1990) Multiscaling properties of spatial rainfall and river flow distributions. J Geophys Res Atmos 95:1999–2009
Hoagstrom CW, Remshardt WJ, Smith JR, Brooks JE (2010) Changing fish faunas in two reaches of the Rio Grande in the Albuquerque basin. Southwest Nat 55:78–88. https://doi.org/10.1894/gg-38.1
Hornberger GM, Wiberg PL, Raffensperger JP, D’Odorico P (2014) Elements of physical hydrology. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Horwitz RJ (1978) Temporal variability patterns and the distributional patterns of stream fishes. Ecol Monogr 48:307–321
Hothorn T, Zeileis A, Farebrother RW, Cummins C, Millo G, Mitchell D, Zeileis MA (2019) Package ‘lmtest’
Ivancic TJ, Shaw SB (2015) Examining why trends in very heavy precipitation should not be mistaken for trends in very high river discharge. Clim Change 133:681–693
Jackson DA, Peres-Neto PR, Olden JD (2001) What controls who is where in freshwater fish communities the roles of biotic, abiotic, and spatial factors. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:157–170. https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-239
Kelly S, Augusten I, Mann J, Katz L (2007) History of the Rio Grande reservoirs in New Mexico: legislation and litigation. Nat Resour J 47:525–613
Kinsolving AD, Bain MB (1993) Fish assemblage recovery along a riverine disturbance gradient. Ecol Appl 3:531–544
Lagasse PF (1981) Geomorphic response of the Rio Grande to dam construction New Mexico. Geol Soc Spec Publ 10:27–41
Lester N, Dunlop W, Willox C (1996) Detecting changes in the nearshore fish community. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 53:391–402
Littell JS, McKenzie D, Peterson DL, Westerling AL (2009) Climate and wildfire area burned in western US ecoprovinces, 1916–2003. Ecol Appl 19:1003–1021
Lyon JP, O’Connor JP (2008) Smoke on the water: can riverine fish populations recover following a catastrophic fire-related sediment slug? Aust Ecol 33:794–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01851.x
Lyons J, Wang L, Simonson TD (1996) Development and validation of an index of biotic integrity for coldwater streams in Wisconsin. N A J Fish Manag 16:241–256
Mast MA, Clow DW (2008) Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park. Montana Hydrol Process 22:5013–5023
Mast MA, Murphy SF, Clow DW, Penn CA, Sexstone GA (2016) Water-quality response to a high-elevation wildfire in the Colorado. Front Range Hydrol Process 30:1811–1823
Miller JD, Safford H, Crimmins M, Thode A (2009) Quantitative evidence for increasing forest fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Mountains California and Nevada, USA. Ecosystems 12:16–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9201-9
Min Y, Agresti A (2002) Modeling nonnegative data with clumping at zero: a survey. J Iran Stat Soc 1:7–33
Minshall GW, Brock JT, Varley JD (1989) Wildfires and Yellowstone’s stream ecosystem. Bioscience 39:707–715
Molles MC, Crawford CS, Ellis LM, Valett HM, Dahm CN (1998) Managed flooding for riparian ecosystem restoration. Bioscience 48:749–756
Moody JA, Shakesby RA, Robichaud PR, Cannon SH, Martin DA (2013) Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes. Earth Sci Rev 122:10–37
Moore SJ, Anderholm SK (2002) Spatial and temporal variations in streamflow, dissolved solids, nutrients, and suspended sediment in the Rio Grande Valley Study Unit, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, 1993–95. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Murphy SF, McCleskey RB, Martin DA (2015) The role of precipitation type, intensity, and spatial distribution in source water quality after wildfire. Environ Res Lett 10:084007
Newell DL, Koning DJ, Karlstrom KE, Crossey LJ, Dillon M (2004) Plio-Pleistocene incision history of the Rio Ojo Caliente, northern Espanola Basin, and overview of the Rio Grande system in northern New Mexico. In: 55 th Field Conference, Geology of the Taos Region, pp 300–313
NMWQCC (2000) State of New Mexico standards for interstate and intrastate streams vol 20 NMAC 6.1. New Mexico Environment Department- New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Novak SJ (2006) Hydraulic modeling analysis of the Middle Rio Grande River from Cochiti Dam to Galisteo Creek, New Mexico Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University Thesis 158 p
O’hara RB, Kotze DJ (2010) Do not log-transform count data. Methods Ecol Evol 1:118–122
Oksanen J, Blanchet F, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D (2019) vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.5-4. R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Orem CA, Pelletier JD (2015) Quantifying the time scale of elevated geomorphic response following wildfires using multi-temporal LiDAR data: an example from the Las Conchas fire, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. Geomorphology 232:224–238
Ortiz RM (2004) A river in transition: geomorphic and bed sediment response to Cochiti Dam on the Middle Rio Grande, Bernalillo to Albuquerque, New Mexico. MS thesis, University of New Mexico
Ortiz D, Lange KM (1996) New Mexico water resources data water year 1995. U.S. Geological Survey, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Page LM, Espinosa-Pérez H, Findley LT, Gilbert CR, Lea RN, Mandrak NE, Mayden RL (2013) New Seventh Edition of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes: changes include capitalization of common names. Fisheries 38:188–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.767244
Pearsons TN, Li HW, Lamberti GA (1992) Influence of habitat complexity on resistance to flooding and resilience of stream fish assemblages. Trans Am Fish Soc 121:427–436
Pelletier JD, Orem CA (2014) How do sediment yields from post-wildfire debris-laden flows depend on terrain slope, soil burn severity class, and drainage basin area? Insights from airborne LiDAR change detection. Earth Surf Process Landf 39:1822–1832
Perkin JS, Starks TA, Pennock CA, Gido KB, Hopper GW, Hedden SC (2019) Extreme drought causes fish recruitment failure in a fragmented Great Plains riverscape. Ecohydrology 12:e2120
Pinson AO, Scissons SK, Brown SW, Walther DE (2014) Post flood report: record rainfall and flooding events during September 2013 in New Mexico, Southeastern Colorado and Far West Texas. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District. https://nmfma.clubexpress.com/docs.ashx?id=190302
Platania SP (1991) Fishes of the Rio Chama and Upper Rio Grande, New Mexico, with preliminary comments on their longitudinal distribution. Southwest Nat 36:186–193. https://doi.org/10.2307/3671919
Pringle CM (1997) Exploring how disturbance is transmitted upstream: going against the flow. J North Am Benthological Soc 16:425–438
Pringle C (2003) What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologically important? Hydrol Process 17:2685–2689
Propst DL, Gido KB, Stefferud JA (2008) Natural flow regimes, nonnative fishes, and native fish persistence in arid-land river systems. Ecol Appl 18:1236–1252. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1489.1
R Core Team (2018) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
Rabeni CF, Lyons J, Mercado-Silva N, Peterson JT (2009) Warmwater fish in wadeable streams. In: Bonar SA, Hubert WA, Willis DW (eds) Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, pp 43–58
Radford J (2011) Fish kills blamed on forest fire soot in river. Corrales Comment
Raffa KF, Aukema BH, Bentz BJ, Carroll AL, Hicke JA, Turner MG, Romme WH (2008) Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience 58:501–517. https://doi.org/10.1641/b580607
Rajib A (2013) RWater: A cyber-enabled data-driven tool for enhancing hydrology education. https://mygeohub.org/groups/water-hub/resources?alias=rwater
Ramos-Villanueva M, Floyd IE, Heath RE, Brown S, Scissions SK, Peterson J (2019) Evaluating post-wildfire impacts to Cochiti Lake flood risk management: Las Conchas wildfire, New Mexico. In: Federal Interagency Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference, Reno, Nevada
Reale JK, Van Horn DJ, Condon KE, Dahm CN (2015) The effects of catastrophic wildfire on water quality along a river continuum. Freshw Sci 34:1426–1442
Regier PJ, González-Pinzón R, Van Horn DJ, Reale JK, Nichols J, Khandewal A (2020) Water quality impacts of urban and non-urban arid-land runoff on the Rio Grande. Sci Total Environ 729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138443
Reneau SL, Katzman D, Kuyumjian GA, Lavine A, Malmon DV (2007) Sediment delivery after a wildfire. Geology 35:151–154
Rhoades CC, Chow AT, Covino TP, Fegel TS, Pierson DN, Rhea AE (2018) The legacy of a severe wildfire on stream nitrogen and carbon in headwater catchments. Ecosystems 22:643–657
Richard GA (2001) Quantification and prediction of lateral channel adjustments downstream from Cochiti Dam, Rio Grande, NM. Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University
Richard G, Julien P (2003) Dam impacts on and restoration of an alluvial river-Rio Grande, New Mexico. Int J Sediment Res 18:89–96
Rieman B, Clayton J (1997) Wildlife and native fish: Issues of forest health and conservation of sensitive species. Fisheries 22:6–15. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1997)022%3c0006:wanfio%3e2.0.co;2
Rust AJ, Randell J, Todd AS, Hogue TS (2019) Wildfire impacts on water quality, macroinvertebrate, and trout populations in the Upper Rio Grande. For Ecol Manag 453:117636
Ryan SE, Dwire KA, Dixon MK (2011) Impacts of wildfire on runoff and sediment loads at Little Granite Creek, western Wyoming. Geomorphology 129:113–130
Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Donaldson LA, Britton JR, Browne DR, Gresswell RE, Lintermans M, Prior KA, Pellatt MG, Vis C (2019) The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review. Environ Rev 27:71–94
Sajikumar N, Thandaveswara B (1999) A non-linear rainfall–runoff model using an artificial neural network. J Hydrol 216:32–55
Shakesby RA, Doerr SH (2006) Wildfire as a hydrological and geomorphological agent. Earth Sci Rev 74:269–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.10.006
Sherson LR, Van Horn DJ, Gomez JD, Shafer BM, Crossey LJ, Dahm CN (2015) Nutrient dynamics in a headwater stream: use of continuous water quality sensors to examine responses to wildfire and precipitation events. Hydrol Process 29:3193–3207
Silins U, Bladon KD, Kelly EN, Esch E, Spence JR, Stone M, Emelko MB, Boon S, Wagner MJ, Williams CHS, Tichkowsky I (2014) Five-year legacy of wildfire and salvage logging impacts on nutrient runoff and aquatic plant, invertebrate, and fish productivity. Ecohydrology 7:1508–1523. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1474
Smokorowski K, Randall R (2017) Cautions on using the Before-After-Control-Impact design in environmental effects monitoring programs. Facets 2:212–232
Stephens SL, Burrows N, Buyantuyev A, Gray RW, Keane RE, Kubian R, Liu S, Seijo F, Shu L, Tolhurst KG (2014) Temperate and boreal forest mega-fires: characteristics and challenges. Front Ecol Environ 12:115–122
Stephens SL, Westerling AL, Hurteau MD, Peery MZ, Schultz CA, Thompson S (2020) Fire and climate change: conserving seasonally dry forests is still possible. Front Ecol Environ 18:354–360
Stewart IT, Cayan DR, Dettinger MD (2004) Changes in snowmelt runoff timing in western North America under a “business as usual” climate change scenario. Clim Change 62:217–232
Stier AC, Bolker BM, Osenberg CW (2016) Using rarefaction to isolate the effects of patch size and sampling effort on beta diversity. Ecosphere 7:e01612. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1612
Sublette J, Hatch M, Sublette M (1990) The fishes of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque
Swanson BJ, Meyer GA, Coonrod JE (2011) Historical channel narrowing along the Rio Grande near Albuquerque, New Mexico in response to peak discharge reductions and engineering: magnitude and uncertainty of change from air photo measurements. Earth Surf Process Landf 36:885–900. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2119
SWCA (2014) Physical and biological assessment of the effects of sediment discharge from the Buckman Direct Diversion Project year 5 report. Albuquerque, New Mexico
Tillery AC, Haas JR (2016) Potential postwildfire debris-flow hazards—a prewildfire evaluation for the Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5101, Reston, VA
Trenberth KE, Fasullo JT, Shepherd TG (2015) Attribution of climate extreme events. Nat Clim Change 5:725–730
Turner TF, Krabbenhoft TJ, Burdett AS (2010) Reproductive phenology and fish community structure in an arid-land river system. In: Gido KB, Jackson DA (eds) Community ecology of stream fishes: concepts, approaches, and techniques, vol 73. American Fisheries Society Symposium, Bethesda, pp 427–446
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission (2007) Upper Rio Grande basin water operations review: environmental impact statement
USACE (2012) Las Conchas fire emergency measures after action report. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District
USFS (2011) Las Conchas Fire burn severity map. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Santa Fe National Forest, Santa Fe, NM
USGS (2016) National Hydrography Dataset. USGS National Geospatial Technical Operations Center (NGTOC): Rolla, MO and Denver, CO
Van Horn DJ, Reale JK, Clark AL, Reale CS, O'Brien E (2014) Continuous water quality monitoring of the Rio Grande and Rio Chama. Submitted to: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District
van Mantgem PJ, Nesmith JCB, Keifer M, Knapp EE, Flint A, Flint L (2013) Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States. Ecol Lett 16:1151–1156. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151
Venables WN, Ripley BD (2013) Modern applied statistics with S-PLUS. Springer, New York
Ver Hoef JM, Boveng PL (2007) Quasi-Poisson vs. negative binomial regression: how should we model overdispersed count data? Ecology 88:2766–2772
Vieira NK, Clements WH, Guevara LS, Jacobs BF (2004) Resistance and resilience of stream insect communities to repeated hydrologic disturbances after a wildfire. Freshw Biol 49:1243–1259
Vivoni ER, Bowman RS, Wyckoff RL, Jakubowski RT, Richards KE (2006) Analysis of a monsoon flood event in an ephemeral tributary and its downstream hydrologic effects. Water Resour Res 42:W03404. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004036
Wagner RJ, Mattraw HC, Ritz GF, Smith BA (2006) Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous water-quality monitors: Site selection, field operation, calibration, record computation, and reporting, 1–D3 edn. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston Virginia
Walterscheid J (2015) September 2013 storm and flood assessment report. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. https://doi.org/10.2172/1233253
Westerling AL (2016) Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring. Philos Trans R Soc B 371:20150178
Westerling AL, Gershunov A, Brown TJ, Cayan DR, Dettinger MD (2003) Climate and wildfire in the western United States. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 84:595–604. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-5-595
Westerling AL, Hidalgo HG, Cayan DR, Swetnam TW (2006) Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science 313:940–943. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834
Whitney JE, Gido KB, Pilger TJ, Propst DL, Turner TF (2015) Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks. Freshw Sci 34:1510–1526
Whitney JE, Gido KB, Hedden SC, Macpherson G, Pilger TJ, Propst DL, Turner TF (2017) Identifying the source population of fish re-colonizing an arid-land stream following wildfire-induced extirpation using otolith microchemistry. Hydrobiologia 797:29–45
Williams AP, Abatzoglou JT (2016) Recent advances and remaining uncertainties in resolving past and future climate effects on global fire activity. Curr Clim Change Rep 2:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0031-0
Williams AP, Allen CD, Millar CI, Swetnam TW, Michaelsen J, Still CJ, Leavitt SW (2010) Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:21289–21294. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914211107
Williams AP, Abatzoglou JT, Gershunov A, Guzman-Morales J, Bishop DA, Balch JK, Lettenmaier DP (2019) Observed impacts of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire in California Earth’s. Future 7:892–910. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ef001210
Winemiller KO, Rose KA (1992) Patterns of life-history diversification in North American fishes: implications for population regulation. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 49:2196–2218
Wolf Engineering (2014) Field survey cross sections and sediment delta Cochiti Lake range lines. Submitted to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District under Contract No. W912PP-09-D-0010
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Susan Bittick, Lynette Giesen, Ricardo González-Pinzón, Kara Hickey, Cecilia Horner, Amy Louise, Chelsea Reale Montoya, Matthew Segura, and Charles Yackulic for their support and assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Government.
Funding
Collection of fish assemblage data at Bernalillo was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s (USBOR) Albuquerque Area Office, NM. Collection of fish assemblage and physical habitat data at Buckman was funded by the Buckman Direct Diversion, City of Santa Fe, NM. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model (URGWOM) supported continuous water quality data collection through internal funding to JKR and Cooperative Agreement W912HZ-14-2-0014 to DJVH and CND. The Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program (USACE appropriation) and URGWOM funded JKR to conduct this study. TPA was funded by USBOR through Interagency Agreement R18PG00042.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JKR, TPA, EJG, RKD, and DJVH designed the study; RKD, EJG, JKR, and DJVH collected the data; JKR, TPA, RKD, and DJVH analyzed the data; Each author contributed substantially to the writing of this manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest or competing interests.
Consent to participate and for publication
We agree to participate and pay publication charges if the manuscript is accepted for publication.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Télesphore Sime-Ngando.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reale, J.K., Archdeacon, T.P., Van Horn, D.J. et al. Differential effects of a catastrophic wildfire on downstream fish assemblages in an aridland river. Aquat Ecol 55, 483–500 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-021-09839-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-021-09839-4