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Laws and mechanism of adsorption of cations by different ion-exchange forms of silica gel

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Abstract

Using radioactive tracer method, the regularities of adsorption of over 30 mono-, di- and trivalent cations including transition metal and lanthanide ions on the H, Ca- and Al-forms of silica gel are established. It has been shown that the affinity of cations of the same charge to the silica gel surface depends both on the nature of the adsorbing ion and the nature of exchangeable cation on the surface. Adsorption of alkali earth metal ions on the Ca-form of silica gel increases with a decrease of their radius i.e. an inversion of the sequence of adsorption compared to H- or Al-form of this adsorbent or polymeric cation-exchange resins takes place. For lanthanide ions the sequence of adsorption is the same for all ion-exchange forms of the silica gel studied, namely, an increase of adsorption with a decrease of their crystallographic radius, i.e. from La 3+ to Lu 3+ takes place. The laws observed are explained by taking into account the fact that adsorption of cations by silica gel is determined by both electrostatic interactions and additional covalent/donor–acceptor interactions between the surface and cations. The latter is due to formation of π-bonds between the electron pair in surface oxygen and vacant p-, d- or f-orbital of adsorbing cations.

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Acknowledgments

The described work in part was carried out as part of the TÁMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/KONV-2010-0001 project in the framework of the New Hungarian Development Plan. The realization of this project is supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Healthcare, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemvaros, Hungary and the II. Ferenc Rakoczi Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, Beregovo, Transcarpathia, Ukraine

    Sandor Barany

  2. Institute of Sorption and Problems of Endoecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Generala Naumova, 13, Kiev, 03164, Ukraine

    Vladimir Strelko

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  1. Sandor Barany
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  2. Vladimir Strelko
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Correspondence to Sandor Barany.

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This material was reported at the 8th “Surface Heterogeneity Effects in Adsorption and Catalysis on Solids” International Symposium, Cracow, Poland, August 27–31, 2012.

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Barany, S., Strelko, V. Laws and mechanism of adsorption of cations by different ion-exchange forms of silica gel. Adsorption 19, 769–776 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-013-9516-5

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