Abstract
The sorption kinetics for the removal aldehydes from aqueous solutions with Amberlite XAD-16 and MPP particles impregnated with Primene JM-T was investigated. A model, accounting for the simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reaction, is developed to describe the process. It is based on the analogy to the diffusion and reaction in a stagnant liquid sphere, but corrected for the porosity and particle properties influencing the diffusion. The developed model describes the kinetic behavior of the process in the low concentration region rather well. However, in the high concentration region, larger discrepancies are observed. Initially, the influence of the flow rate was investigated to eliminate the effect of the external mass transfer. The influence of the particle morphology was investigated for both physical and reactive sorption. Physical sorption experiments were used to determine the factor τ that takes the particle properties influencing the diffusion into account. It was shown that the diffusion is faster in XAD-16 than in MPP impregnated systems. Reaction rate constant k x was determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. Sorption of benzaldehyde appears to be significantly slower (k x ∼10−4 l/mol s) than the sorption of pentanal (k x ∼10−3 l/mol s) due to the slower chemical reaction. The influence of the particle size was investigated for the sorption of pentanal with XAD-16. It was observed that the particle size does influence the diffusion term, but does not have an effect on the reaction rate. On the other hand, the extractant loading influences the reaction rate slightly in the low concentration region, whereas the initial concentration of the solute has more pronounced effect.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- C :
-
Concentration in liquid phase [mol/l]
- V :
-
Volume [l]
- t :
-
Time [s]
- r :
-
Radial coordinate [m]
- R :
-
Particle radius [m]
- φ :
-
Dimensionless radial coordinate
- γ :
-
Stoichiometric coefficient
- R Ald :
-
Reaction rate [mol/ls]
- k :
-
Reaction rate constant [l/mols]
- K r :
-
Equilibrium constant [l/mol]
- K ph :
-
Physical distribution constant
- ε p :
-
Fraction of the EIR particle occupied by the liquid extractant [l org/l eir]
- D i :
-
Molecular diffusivity of a component i [m2/s]
- τ :
-
Factor encountering for the particle properties influencing the diffusion
- J Ald :
-
Flux of the aldehyde through the outer particle surface [mol/sm2]
- a S :
-
Specific surface area [m2/m3]
- org :
-
Organic
- aq :
-
Aqueous
- 0:
-
Initial
- x :
-
Forward
- −x :
-
Backward
- EIR :
-
Extractant impregnated resin
- Ald :
-
Aldehyde
- Am :
-
Amine
- AldAm :
-
Schiff base
References
Babić, K., van der Ham, L., de Haan, A.B.: Recovery of benzaldehyde from aqueous streams using extractant impregnated resins. React. Funct. Polym. 66(12), 1494–1505 (2006)
Babić, K., van der Ham, L., de Haan, A.B.: Removal of aldehydes from aqueous streams using extractant impregnated resins. AlChE J. (2008, submitted)
Bhandari, V.M., Juvekar, V.A., Pathwardhan, S.R.: Modified shrinking core model for reversible sorption on ion-exchange resins. Sep. Sci. Technol. 27, 1043–1064 (1992)
Cordes, E.H., Jencks, W.P.: On the mechanism of Schiff base formation and hydrolysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84(5), 832–837 (1962)
Cordes, E.H., Jencks, W.P.: The mechanism of hydrolisis of schiff bases derived from aliphatic amines. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85(18), 2843–2848 (1963)
Cortina, J.L., Warshawsky, A.: Developments in solid-liquid extraction by solvent-impregnated resins. In: Marinsky, J.A., Marcus, Y. (eds.) Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction, vol. 13, pp. 195–293. Dekker, New York (1997)
Cortina, J.L., Arad-Yellin, R., Miralles, N., Sastre, A.M., Warshawsky, A.: Kinetics studies on heavy metal ions extraction by Amberlite XAD2 impregnated resins containing a bifunctional organophosphorous extractant. React. Funct. Polym. 38, 269–278 (1998)
Doraiswamy, L.K., Sharma, M.M.: Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples and Reactor Design, 1st edn. Fluid-Fluid-Solid Reactions, vol. 2, pp. 17–45. Wiley, New York (1984)
Dunnewijk, J., Bosch, H., de Haan, A.B.: Adsorption kinetics of CoCl2 and PPh3 over macroreticular and gel type adsorbents by a generalized ZLC method. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61, 4813–4826 (2006)
Eić, M., Ruthven, D.M.: A new experimental technique for measurement of intercrystalline diffusivity. Zeolites 8, 40–45 (1988)
gPROMS® Advanced User Guide, Chap. 3, Process System Enterprise, London, UK (2007)
Hoogendoorn, J.A., Versteeg, G.F., van Swaaij, W.P.M.: Mass transfer accompanied by reversible chemical reactions in an inert porous sphere impregnated with a stagnant liquid. Chem. Eng. Sci. 48(15), 2727–2740 (1993)
Hoogendoorn, J.A., Versteeg, G.F., van Swaaij, W.P.M.: Experimental study of the absorption of acid gases in porous particles impregnated with aqueous alkanolamine solutions. Chem. Eng. Sci. 49(20), 3421–3438 (1994)
Juang, R.-S., Lin, H.-C.: Metal sorption with extractant-impregnated macroporous resins. 1. Particle diffusion kinetics. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 62, 132–140 (1995a)
Juang, R.-S., Lin, H.-C.: Metal sorption with extractant-impregnated macroporous resins. 2. Chemical reaction and particle diffusion kinetics. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 62, 141–147 (1995b)
Kabay, N., Arda, M., Saha, B., Streat, M.: Removal of Cr(VI) by solvent impregnated resins (SIR) containing Aliquat 336. React. Funct. Polym. 54, 103–115 (2003)
Komiyama, H., Smith, J.M.: Intraparticle mass transport in liquid-filled pores. AIChE J. 20(4), 728–734 (1974)
Kostova, A., Tsibranska, I., Bart, H.-J.: Study of phenylalanine sorption kinetics on solvent impregnated resins, part II. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 25(1), 127–145 (2007)
Lee, S.C.: Kinetics of reactive extraction of penicillin G by Amberlite LA-2 in kerosene. AIChe J. 50(1), 119–126 (2004)
Ma, Y.H., Evans, L.B.: Transient diffusion from a well stirred reservoir to a body of arbitrary shape. AIChE J. 14(6), 956–961 (1968)
Martin, B.: Reactions of carbonyl compounds with amines and derivatives. J. Phys. Chem. 68(6), 1369–1377 (1964)
Nikhade, B.P., Pangarkar, V.G.: Equilibria and kinetics of extraction of citric acid from aqueous solutions in Alamine 336-cyclohexanone system. Sep. Sci. Technol. 40(12), 2539–2554 (2005)
Prasher, B.D., Ma, Y.H.: Liquid diffusion in microporous alumina pellets. AIChe J. 23(3), 303–312 (1977)
Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., Poling, B.E.: The Properties of Gases and Liquids. McGraw–Hill International Editions (1988)
Ruiz, M.O., Cabezas, J.L., Escudero, I., Coca, J.: α-Phenylglycine extraction with a trialkylmethylammonium chloride-impregnated macroporous resin. 2. Kinetics. Trans. IChemE 80(A), 537–542 (2002)
Ruiz, M.O., Cabezas, J.L., Escudero, I., Coca, J.: Valeric acid extraction with tri-n-butyl prosphate impregnated in a macroporous resin. I. Equilibrium and mass transfer rates. Sep. Sci. Technol. 39(1), 79–95 (2004)
Ruthven, M.D., Stapleton, P.: Measurement of liquid phase counter-diffusion in zeolites by the ZLC method. Chem. Eng. Sci. 48, 89–98 (1993)
Saha, B., Gill, R.J., Bailey, D.G., Kabay, N., Arda, M.: Sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with Aliquat 336. React. Funct. Polym. 60, 223–244 (2004)
Serarols, J., Poch, J., Llop, M.F., Villaescusa, I.: Determination of the effective diffusion coefficient for gold(III) on a macroporous resin XAD-2 impregnated with triisobutyl phosphine sulfide. React. Funct. Polym. 41, 27–35 (1999)
Serarols, J., Poch, J., Villaescusa, I.: Determination of the effective diffusion coefficient of Zn(II) on a macroporous resin XAD-2 impregnated with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA). Influence of metal concentration and particle size. React. Funct. Polym. 48, 53–63 (2001)
Traving, M., Bart, H.-J.: Recovery of organic acids using ion-exchanger-impregnated resins. Chem. Eng. Technol. 25(10), 997–1003 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Babić, K., van der Ham, L.G.J. & de Haan, A.B. Sorption kinetics for the removal of aldehydes from aqueous streams with extractant impregnated resins. Adsorption 14, 357–366 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-007-9097-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-007-9097-2