Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Engaging Television for Public Education and Counselling on Suicide: a Case Example from Ghana

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article presents a case example of media engagement for public education and counselling on suicide in Ghana. Data were drawn from 11 telephone interviews that assessed the impact a TV program had on persons experiencing suicidal crisis. Qualitative content analysis showed that the program helped to reduce the crisis by offering an empathic identification with suicidal persons. Hope induction and opportunity for seeing options, as well as provision of direct help or links to available help resources also emerged. Given the deep-seated stigma of suicide in Ghana, the media can serve a critical role in anti-stigma suicide campaigns and public education towards effective suicide prevention in Ghana.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adinkrah, M. (2013). Criminal prosecution of suicide attempt survivors in Ghana. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(12), 1477–1497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X12456986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akotia C. S, Osafo J, Asare-Doku W, Boakye K. E2019. News editors’ views about suicide and suicide stories in Ghana. Psychological Studies (ahead-of-issue): 1–8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00511-4.

  • Andoh-Arthur, J., Hjelmeland, H., Osafo, J., & Knizek, B. L. (2018). Walking a tightrope: Reflections on police gatekeeping roles in suicide research in Ghana. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 21(3), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2017.1381820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andoh-Arthur, J, Knizek, B. L, Osafo, J., & Hjelmeland, H. (2019). Societal Reactions to suicides in Ghana: A qualitative study. Crisis: Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000618.

  • Becker, K., Mayer, M., Nagenborg, M., EL-Faddagh, M., & Schmidt, M. H. (2004). Parasuicide online: Can suicide websites trigger suicidal behaviour in predisposed adolescents? Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 111–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benefo, K. D. (2004). The mass media and HIV/AIDS prevention in Ghana. Journal of Health and Population in Developing Countries, 1–18.

  • Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. Nursing Plus Open., 2, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blood, R. W., Puntis, P., & Pirkis, J. (2001). Media portrayals of suicide. Paper presented to the Health Communication Division, 51st Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Washington, DC, May.

  • Blumer, H. (1969). Suggestions for the study of mass media effects. In H. Blumer (Ed.), Symbolic interactionism (pp. 183–194). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

  • Boulay, M., Tweedie, I., & Fiagbey, E. (2009). The effectiveness of a national communication campaign using religious leaders to reduce HIV-related stigma in Ghana. African Journal of AIDS Research, 7(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.1.13.441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, A. T., Hawton, K., Chen, T. H., Yen, A. M., Chen, C., Chen, L., & Teng, P. (2007). The influence of media coverage of a celebrity suicide on subsequent suicide attempts. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 862–866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De-Graft Aikins, A. D. G., Boynton, P., & Atanga, L. L. (2010). Developing effective chronic disease interventions in Africa: Insights from Ghana and Cameroon. Globalization and Health, 6(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-6-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, M. S. (2001). Suicide and the media. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 932, 200–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, M. S., & Davidson, L. (1988). Suicide contagion among adolescents. Advances in adolescent mental health, 3, 29–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graneheim, U. H., Lindgren, B. M., & Lundman, B. (2017). Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion. Nurse Education Today, 56, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt2017.06.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gyimah-Boadi, E. (2009). Another step forward for Ghana. Journal of Democracy, 20(2), 138–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joiner, T. E. (2010). Myths about suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

  • Hjelmeland, H., Osafo, J., Akotia, C. S., & Knizek, B. L. (2014). The law criminalizing attempted suicide in Ghana: The views of clinical psychologists, emergency ward nurses, and police officers. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 35(2), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D., & Akande, A. (1994). Attitudes about suicide among the Yoruba of Nigeria. The Journal of Social Psychology, 134(6), 851–853. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1994.9923020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, J. J., Apter, A., Bertolote, J., Beautrais, A., Currier, D., Haas, A., & Mehlum, L. (2005). Suicide prevention strategies: A systematic review. Jama, 294(16), 2064–2074. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.16.2064.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naghavi, M. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: Systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. BMJ, 364, l94. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, G., & Prilleltensky, I. (Eds.). (2010). Community psychology: In pursuit of liberation and well-being. Macmillan International Higher Education.

  • Niederkrotenthaler, T., Till, B., Kapusta, N. D., Voracek, M., Dervic, K., & Sonneck, G. (2009). Copycat effects after media reports on suicide: A population-based ecologic study. Social Science & Medicine 2009, 69(7), 1085–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niederkrotenthaler, T., Voracek, M., Herberth, A, et al (2010). Role of media reports in completed and prevented suicide: Werther v. Papageno effects. BJPsych ; 197: 234–43. DOI: 0.1192/bjp.bp.109.074633.

  • Niederkrotenthaler, T., Fu, K., Yip, P. S., Yip, P. S. F., Fong, D. Y. T., Stack, S., Cheng, Q., & Pirkis, J. (2012). Changes in suicide rates following media reports on celebrity suicide: A meta-analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(11), 1037–1042. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200707.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson, R. (2016). Suicide attempt survivors and the value of lived experience. Retrieved 17/02/2020 from https://www.suicideinfo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/iE20-Survivors.pdf

  • Osafo, J., Hjelmeland, H., Akotia, C. S., & Knizek, B. L. (2011). Social injury: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the attitudes towards suicide of lay persons in Ghana. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 6(4).DOI https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v6i4.8708.

  • Osafo, J., Knizek, B. L., Akotia, C. S., & Hjelmeland, H. (2012). Attitudes of psychologists and nurses toward suicide and suicide prevention in Ghana: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(6), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osafo, J., Knizek, B. L., Akotia, C. S., & Hjelmeland, H. (2013). Influence of religious factors on attitudes towards suicidal behaviour in Ghana. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 488–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9487-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oyama, H., Koida, J., Sakashita, T., & Kudo, K. (2004). Community-based prevention for suicide in elderly by depression screening and follow-up. Community Mental Health Journal, 40(3), 249–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirkis, J. E., Burgess, P. M., Francis, C., Blood, R. W., & Jolley, D. J. (2006). The relationship between media reporting of suicide and actual suicide in Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 62(11), 2874–2886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prilutski, M. A. (2010). A brief look at effective health communication strategies in Ghana. Elon J Undergrad Res Commun, 1, 51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quarshie, E. N. B., Osafo, J., Akotia, C. S., & Peprah, J. (2015). Adolescent suicide in Ghana: A content analysis of media reports. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 10(1), 27682. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.27682.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reichenbach, L. (2002). The politics of priority setting for reproductive health: Breast and cervical cancer in Ghana. Reproductive Health Matters, 10(20), 47–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarfraz, M. A., & Castle, D. (2002). A Muslim suicide. Australasian Psychiatry, 10(1), 48–50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2002.00392.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidtke, A., Schaller, S., & Stack, S. (2000). The role of mass media in suicide prevention. In K. Hawton & K. van Heeringen (Eds.), The international handbook of suicide and attempted suicide (pp. 673–697). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shneidman, E. S. (1985). Definition of suicide. New York: Wiley.

  • Shneidman, E. S. (1993). Suicide as psychache: A clinical approach to self-destructive behavior. New York, NY: Aronson.

  • Sinyor, M., Schaffer, A., Nishikawa, Y., et al. (2018). The association between suicide deaths and putatively harmful and protective factors in media reports. CMAJ, 190(30), E900–E9E7. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.180900.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sisask, M., & Värnik, A. (2012). Media roles in suicide prevention: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(1), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9010123.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stack, S. (1987). Celebrities and suicide: A taxonomy and analysis. American Sociology Review, 52, 401–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stack, S. (1990). Media impacts on suicide. In D. Lester (Ed.), Current concepts on suicide (pp. 107–120). Bowie: The Charles Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stack, S. (2005). Suicide in the media. A quantitative review of studies based on non-fictional characters. Suicide and Life threatening Behaviour, 35(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.35.2.121.62877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sudak, H. S., & Sudak, D. M. (2005). The media and suicide. Academic Psychiatry, 29, 495–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. J., Kingdom, D., & Jenkins, R. (1997). How are nations trying to prevent suicide? An analysis of national suicide prevention strategies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 95, 457463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titelman, D., & Wasserman, D. (2009). Suicide prevention by education and the moulding of attitudes. Oxford textbook of suicidology and suicide prevention: A global perspective, 509-514.

  • Tor. P. C., Ng, B. Y., Ang, Y. G. (2008). The media and suicide. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, 797–799.

  • Velting, D. M., & Gould, M. S. (1997). Suicide contagion. In R. Maris, S. Canetto, & M. Silverman (Eds). Review of suicidology. New York: Guilford Press.

  • Williams, J. M. G., & Williams, M. (1997). Cry of pain: Understanding suicide and self-harm. Penguin Group USA.

  • World Health Organisation (2000). Preventing suicide. A resource for media professionals. Geneva: WHO.

  • World Health Organisation (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. WHO. Geneva. Author.

  • World Health Organisation (2017). Preventing suicide: A resource for media professionals (updated). Geneva: WHO.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johnny Andoh-Arthur.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest Declaration

The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest”.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Osafo, J., Andoh-Arthur, J. Engaging Television for Public Education and Counselling on Suicide: a Case Example from Ghana. Int J Adv Counselling 42, 334–347 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-020-09398-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-020-09398-7

Keywords

Navigation