Abstract
In this paper, we consider a system of two degenerate wave equations coupled through the velocities, only one of them being controlled. We assume that the coupling parameter is sufficiently small and we focus on null controllability problem. To this aim, using multiplier techniques and careful energy estimates, we first establish an indirect observability estimate for the corresponding adjoint system. Then, by applying the Hilbert Uniqueness Method, we show that the indirect boundary controllability of the original system holds for a sufficiently large time.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Bardos, C., Lebeau, G., Rauch, J.: Sharp sufficient conditions for the observation, control and stabilization of waves from the boundary. SIAM J. Control Optim. 30, 1024–1065 (1992)
Burq, N.: Contrôle de l’équation des ondes dans des ouverts peu réguliers. Asymptot. Anal. 14, 157–191 (1997)
Burq, N., Gérard, P.: Condition nécessaire et suffisante pour la contrôlabilité exacte des ondes. C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. 1 Math. 325, 749–752 (1997)
Ho, L.F.: Observabilité frontière de l’équation des ondes. C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sér. I 302, 443–446 (1986)
Ho, L.F.: Exact controllability of the one-dimensional wave equation with locally distributed control. SIAM J. Control Optim. 28, 733–748 (1990)
Lagnese, J.: Control of wave processes with distributed controls supported on a subregion. SIAM J. Control Optim. 21, 68–85 (1983)
Nicaise, S.: Stability and controllability of an abstract evolution equation of hyperbolic type and concrete applications. Rend. Mat. Appl. 23, 83–116 (2003)
Osses, A.: A rotated multiplier method applied to the controllability of waves, elasticity and tangential Stokes control. SIAM J. Control Optim. 40, 777–800 (2001)
Russell, D.L.: A unified boundary controllability theory for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations. Stud. Appl. Math. 52, 189–221 (1973)
Yao, P.F.: On the observability inequalities for exact controllability of wave equations with variable coefficients. SIAM J. Control Optim. 37, 1568–1599 (1999)
Zhang, X.: Explicit observability estimate for the wave equation with potential and its application. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 456, 1101–1115 (2000)
Zuazua, E.: Exact controllability for the semilinear wave equation in one space dimension. Ann. IHP. Analyse Non Linéaire 10, 109–129 (1993)
Alabau-Boussouira, F.: A hierarchic multi-level energy method for the control of bidiagonal and mixed n-coupled cascade systems of pde’s by a reduced number of controls. Adv. Differ. Equ. 18, 1005–1072 (2013)
Alabau-Boussouira, F.: A two level energy method for indirect boundary observability and controllability of weakly coupled hyperbolic systems. SIAM J. Control Optim. 42, 871–906 (2003)
Alabau-Boussouira, F.: Indirect boundary stabilization of weakly coupled hyperbolic systems. SIAM J. Control Optim. 41, 511–541 (2002)
Alabau-Boussouira, F., Léautaud, M.: Indirect controllability of locally coupled wave-type systems and applications. J. Math. Pures Appl. 99, 544–576 (2013)
Avdonin, S., Rivero, A.C., Teresa, L.: Exact boundary controllability of coupled hyperbolic equations. Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 23, 701–710 (2013)
Bennour, A., Ammar Khodja, F., Teniou, D.: Exact and approximate controllability of coupled one-dimensional hyperbolic equations. Evol. Equ. Control Theory 6, 487–516 (2017)
Gerbi, S., Kassem, C., Mortada, A., Wehbe, A.: Exact controllability and stabilization of locally coupled wave equations: theoretical results. Z. Anal. Anwend. 40, 67–96 (2021)
Koumaiha, M., Toufaily, L., Wehbe, A.: Boundary observability and exact controllability of strongly coupled wave equations. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., Ser. B 15, 1269–1305 (2022)
Mokhtari, Y., Ammar Khodja, F.: Boundary controllability of two coupled wave equations with space-time first-order coupling in 1-d. J. Evol. Equ. 22, Article ID 31 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-022-00790-x
Liu, Z., Rao, B.: A spectral approach to the indirect boundary control of a system of weakly coupled wave equations. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 23, 399–414 (2009)
Wehbe, A., Youssef, W.: Indirect locally internal observability and controllability of weakly coupled wave equations. Differ. Equ. Appl. 3, 449–462 (2011)
Alabau-Boussouira, F., Cannarsa, P., Leugering, G.: Control and stabilization of degenerate wave equation. SIAM J. Control Optim. 55, 2052–2087 (2017)
Allal, B., Moumni, A., Salhi, J.: Boundary controllability for a degenerate and singular wave equation. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 45, 11526–11544 (2022)
Bai, J., Chai, S.: Exact controllability for some degenerate wave equations. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 43, 7292–7302 (2020)
Bai, J., Chai, S.: Exact controllability for a one-dimensional degenerate wave equation in domains with moving boundary. Appl. Math. Lett. 119, 1–8 (2021)
Fardigola, L.V.: Transformation operators in control problems for a degenerate wave equation with variable coefficients. Ukr. Math. J. 70, 1300–1318 (2019)
Gueye, M.: Exact boundary controllability of 1-d parabolic and hyperbolic degenerate equations. SIAM J. Control Optim. 42, 2037–2054 (2014)
Kogut, P.I., Kupenko, O.P., Leugering, G.: On boundary exact controllability of one-dimensional wave equations with weak and strong interior degeneration. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 45, 770–792 (2022)
Moumni, A., Salhi, J.: Exact controllability for a degenerate and singular wave equation with moving boundary. Numer. Algebra Control Optim. 13, 194–209 (2023)
Zhang, M., Gao, H.: Null controllability of some degenerate wave equations. J. Syst. Sci. Complex. 29, 1–15 (2017)
Zhang, M., Gao, H.: Interior controllability of semi-linear degenerate wave equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 457, 10–22 (2018)
Micu, S., Zuazua, E.: An introduction to the controllability of partial differential equations. In: Sari, T. (ed.) Quelques Questions de Théorie du Contrôle. Collection Travaux en Cours, pp. 69–157. Hermann, Paris (2004)
Bai, J., Chai, S., Zhiling, G.: Indirect internal controllability of weakly coupled degenerate wave equations. Acta Appl. Math. 180, 1–16 (2022)
Cazenave, T., Haraux, A.: An Introduction to Semilinear Evolution Equations. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1998)
Barbu, V.: Partial Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1998)
Coron, J.M.: Control and Nonlinearity. Am. Math. Soc., Providence (2007)
Komornik, V.: Exact Controllability and Stabilization (the Multiplier Method). Wiley, Masson (1995)
Lions, J.L.: Contrôlabilité Exacte, Perturbation et Stabilisation de Systèmes Distribués, Tome 1. Masson, Paris (1988)
Lions, J.L.: Exact controllability, stabilization and perturbations for distributed systems. SIAM Rev. 30, 1–68 (1988)
Lions, J.L., Magenes, E.: Non-homogeneous Boundary Value Problems and Applications, Vol. I. Springer, Berlin (1972)
Brezis, H.: Functional Analysis, Sobolev Spaces and Partial Differential Equations. Springer, New York (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed equally to this work.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of the paper. Research involving Human Participants and/or Animals: Not applicable. Informed consent: Not applicable.
Competing Interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Moumni, A., Salhi, J. & Tilioua, M. Indirect Boundary Controllability of Coupled Degenerate Wave Equations. Acta Appl Math 190, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-024-00649-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-024-00649-y